摘要
春季花粉污染程度与树种组成和种植数量密切相关,在城市绿地规划设计阶段,根据绿地植被组成对其潜在的花粉污染风险进行评估,对于强化源头管控、促进宜居城市环境建设具有重要意义。文章利用2019—2021年(每年3月1日—4月30日)位于北京市东城区、海淀区和朝阳区3个监测点的逐日花粉种类和浓度的实测数据,对8类风媒花乔木的种植密度与最大日花粉浓度进行回归分析。结果表明:这8类乔木单株产生花粉量的大小顺序为桑科>白蜡属>柳属>杨属>柏科>银杏科>榆科>松科;当新建绿地中柏树、杨树、柳树、白蜡、银杏和松树的种植密度分别小于4.06、3.37、2.63、0.41、4.87、41.00株·hm时,可以将该时段最大日花粉浓度控制在中低污染风险等级。根据分析结果,建议将花粉污染风险评估作为城市绿地规划设计方案的审核内容之一,严格限制在人口密集区域大量栽植柏树、杨树、柳树和白蜡等花粉量较大的树种,逐步减少致敏花粉对市民工作和生活的影响。
Tree species composition and plant number are closely correlated with the extent of airborne pollen pollution in spring. In the phase of urban green spaces planning and design, the evaluation of the potential pollen pollution risk based on green space vegetation composition is significant for better control of pollen pollution from the source and the creation of more livable city environment. This paper uses the the data on the types and concentration of daily pollen at three sampling sites in Dongcheng, Haidian and Chaoyang districts of Beijing during 2019-2021(from March 1 to April 30 every year) to make a regression analysis on the planting density and maximum daily pollen concentration for eight wind-pollinated tree species. The results show that the amount of pollen grains produced by individual tree could be ranked in a decreasing order: Moraceae > Fraxinus > Salix > Populus > Cupressaceae > Ginkgoaceae > Ulmaceae > Pinaceae. When the planting density of Cupressaceae, Populus, Salix, Fraxinus, Ginkgoaceae, and Pinaceae in newly established green spaces is lower than 4.06, 3.37, 2.63, 0.41, 4.87 and 41.00 plants·ha, respectively, the maximum daily pollen concentration in the period could be controlled to be within low and medium pollution risk range. Based on the analysis results, it is suggested that the risk evaluation of the spring’s potential pollen pollution should be included in the review of urban green space planning and design scheme. Cupressaceae, Populus, Salix and Fraxinus, which produce a large quantity of pollen grains, should be strictly limited in densely populated areas, so as to gradually relieve the impact of allergic pollen.
作者
周江鸿
夏菲
车少臣
李新宇
李洁
刘育俭
张卉
叶彩华
尤焕苓
Zhou Jianghong;Xia Fei;Che Shaochen;Li Xinyu;Li Jie;Liu Yujian;Zhang Hui;Ye Caihua;You Huanling(Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Beijing 100102,China;Administrative Office of the Summer Palace,Beijing 100091,China;Administrative Office,Temple of Heaven Park,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Meteorological Service Center,Beijing 100089,China)
出处
《中国城市林业》
2022年第4期1-6,共6页
Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry
基金
北京市科技计划课题“北京地区主要气传致敏花粉浓度智能监测及预报技术研究”(Z191100009119013)
“北方地区城市背景下多尺度绿化生态效益评价体系的研究及建立”(D171100007117001)。
关键词
城市绿地
树种配置
花粉污染
潜在风险评估
北京市
urban green space
tree species configuration
pollen pollution
potential risk evaluation
Beijing
