摘要
目的高铁自动驾驶(Automatic Train Operation,ATO)是高速列车的重要发展方向,探讨高铁ATO对驾驶任务效能的影响。方法选择驾驶绩效、事件检测绩效、工作负荷和情景意识为高速列车驾驶任务效能指标,采用半结构化访谈和认知工作分析方法。基于高速列车模拟驾驶平台,探究传统的手动驾驶模式与ATO自动驾驶模式下的效能指标差异。结果试验数据和结果显示,自动驾驶模式下的驾驶绩效指标优于手动驾驶模式,手动驾驶模式下的事件检测绩效和情景意识指标优于自动驾驶模式,两种模式下的工作负荷指标没有显著性差异。结论高铁ATO导致驾驶员的警惕性降低、获得的反馈减少、监督负荷增加。本研究指出现有自动驾驶技术的不足之处,对高铁自动驾驶技术的改进和发展具有借鉴意义。
Objective Automatic train operation(ATO)is an important direction for the future development of high-speed train,and it also guides a new journey of high-speed train intelligence.In this study,an experimental research was conducted to investigate the effect of ATO on driving task effectiveness.Methods Driving performance,event detection performance,workload and situation awareness were selected as the driving task effectiveness indicators of high-speed trains to explore the differences between manual driving mode and automatic driving mode.In order to further analyze the differences of driving task effectiveness under different driving modes,we used semi-structured interview and cognitive work analysis.Results The experiment results and analysis showed that the driving performance in automatic driving mode was better than that of manual driving mode.The event detection performance and situation awareness under manual driving mode were better than those of automatic driving mode.There was no significant difference in workload between the two models.Conclusion The ATO not only decreases drivers'vigilance and feedback,but also increases drivers'supervision load.Current study exposes the shortcomings of ATO,and has its significance for the improvement and development of high-speed railway automatic operation technology.
作者
郭北苑
易子旺
杜昊
GUO Bei-yuan;YI Zi-wang;DU Hao(State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)
出处
《人类工效学》
2022年第3期1-5,18,共6页
Chinese Journal of Ergonomics
基金
国家自然科学基金(U1734210)。
关键词
铁道工程
机车司机
铁路运输
任务效能
高速列车自动驾驶
人因工效学
认知工作分析
railway engineering
locomotive driver
railway transportation
task performance
automatic train operation(ATO)
human factors
cognitive work analysis
