摘要
什么是独断?独断不是一个哲学立场,而是一种理智恶习。独断的认知者在求真动机上具有缺陷,倾向于形成阻碍进一步探究的高阶态度,并由此催生出拒绝以理性的方式思考和对话的认知不负责行为。在个人层面,独断的认知者容易深陷谬误的泥潭,即使偶然获得真理也无法进一步加深理解;在社会层面,独断的认知者不仅无法捍卫知识的地位,还会放任谬误和谎言的传播,有碍现代社会的构建。虽然独断这种恶习深深植根于进化过程中大脑发展出的抵抗记忆扰乱的本能,也会被当下的信息传播模式所塑造的信息茧房所利用,但是只要在个人层面注重培养理智美德,在社会层面努力塑造良好的认知结构,克服独断的弊病仍然是可期待的。
What is dogmatism? It is not a philosophical thesis, but an intellectual vice. A dogmatic inquirer has a motivational defect, tending to foster meta-attitudes that close further inquiry, and thereby exhibits irresponsible behaviours such as assertion without evidence and resistance to change. For individuals, dogmatism prevents them from detecting error and conducting further investigation. For the whole society, dogmatic believers are prone to disseminate falsehood and misinformation. Although dogmatism is rooted deeply in the brain’s natural resistance to change and this feature is further exploited by information cocoons, there are two ways to combat dogmatism: One is to develop intellectual virtues, the other is to construct benign social epistemic structure.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期17-23,共7页
Journal of Social Sciences
关键词
独断
理智恶习
信息茧房
德性知识论
Dogmatism
Intellectual Vices
Information Cocoon
Virtue Epistemology
