摘要
在1987年第三版《美国对外关系法重述》的基础上,美国法学会2018年出版了第四版。第四版延续了第三版将管辖权区分为立法管辖权、司法管辖权、执法管辖权的做法,并重述了相应的限制因素。第三版在对国际法重述的基础上,将合理性原则作为域外管辖权的核心限制因素。而第四版则是对国内法及司法实践发展的重述,将国际礼让作为域外管辖权的主要限制因素。从合理性原则转向国际礼让、从对国际法的重述转向对国内法的重述,体现了外交事务例外主义在美国的兴起和潜在的衰落,以及国际法在美国的地位浮沉。在域外管辖权问题上,中国应坚决反对美国轻视国际法的做法,坚持遵守国际法,将维护本国国家利益与促进国际社会和谐稳定相统一,对域外管辖权的行使进行必要的自我限制,警惕过度的域外管辖。域外立法管辖权的行使应不违反合理性原则,域外司法管辖权冲突的解决应坚持国际礼让原则,域外执法管辖权的行使应遵循国际合作原则。
On the basis of the Restatement(Third)of the Foreign Relations Law(1987),the American Law Institute published the Fourth Restatement in 2018.The Fourth Restatement continues the Third Restatement’s distinction of jurisdiction into prescriptive,adjudicative,and enforcement jurisdictions,and restates the corresponding limiting factors.Based on the restatement of the international law,the Third Restatement treated the reasonableness as the main limit to extraterritorial jurisdiction.On the contrast,the Fourth Restatement is based on the restatement of the domestic law and judicial practices of the United States,and the international comity becomes the core limit to extraterritorial jurisdiction of this edition.From reasonableness to international comity,from the restatement of international law to the one of domestic law,the huge change shows the rise and potential fall of foreign affairs exceptionalism,and the different importance of the international law in the United States.When it comes to China,on the issue of extraterritorial jurisdiction,China should resolutely oppose the contempt for international law like the United States,and insist on the respect for the international law.Besides,China should unify the pursuit of its national interests with the maintenance of international harmonization and stability,carry out self-restraint of the exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction,and guard against the exorbitant extraterritorial jurisdiction.The exercise of extraterritorial prescriptive jurisdiction should not violate the principle of reasonableness,the resolution of extraterritorial adjudicative jurisdictional conflicts should adhere to the principle of international comity,and the exercise of extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction should follow the principle of international cooperation.
作者
郭玉军
王岩
Guo Yujun;Wang Yan
出处
《国际法研究》
CSSCI
2021年第6期82-97,共16页
Chinese Review of International Law
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“国际私法视域下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”(项目编号20&ZD203)阶段性成果
武汉大学自主科研项目(人文社会科学)研究成果
“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”资助。
关键词
对外关系法重述
域外管辖
合理性
国际礼让
法定解释原则
Restatement of the Foreign Relations Law
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Reasonableness
International Comity
Principles of Statutory Interpretation
