摘要
本试验研究了冬小麦-夏玉米两熟制生态区夏玉米生理特性和籽粒性状对群体梯度渐增调控的响应,以期为高产育种、合理密植、充分挖掘玉米增产潜力提供理论依据和参考。试验设置6.00万、6.75万、7.50万、8.25万、9.00万株/hm25个群体渐增梯度,对夏玉米生理特性和籽粒性状的变化规律进行研究,结果表明,同一生育时期,随群体梯度的增加,叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)呈升高趋势,而叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、光合速率(Pn)、穗层透光率(LTR)呈降低趋势;随生育进程的推进,LAI、SPAD值、Pn、LAD呈先升高后下降的抛物线单峰曲线变化趋势,而LTR吐丝期后呈上升趋势。籽粒宽度、籽粒厚度、百粒体积、百粒质量随群体梯度的增加呈下降趋势,而籽粒含水量则表现出相反的响应趋势,在6.00万~9.00万株/hm^(2)范围内,籽粒产量与群体梯度呈现先升高后下降的二次抛物线曲线关系,群体梯度7.50万株/hm^(2)时籽粒产量最高,为9029.34kg/hm^(2)。
This experiment was conducted to study the responses of physiological characteristics and grain traits of summer maize to population gradient incremental regulation in the winter wheat and summer maize double cropping ecological region,in order to provide theoretical bases and references for high yield breeding,rational close planting and fully tapping the potential of increasing maize yield.Five incremental gradients were designed in the experiment,i.e.6.00×10^(4),6.75×10^(4),7.50×10^(4),8.25×10^(4)and 9.00×10^(4)plants per hectare,and the change rules of physiological characteristics and grain traits of summer maize to population incremental gradient regulation were identified.The results showed that the leaf area index(LAI)and photosynthetic potential(LAD)increased,the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),photosynthetic rate(Pn)and light transmission of ear layer(LTR)decreased with the increase of population gradient in the same growth stage.The LAI,SPAD,Pn and LAD changed as a parabola curve with single peak trend of increasing first and then decreasing,while the LTR showed an increasing trend after silking stage.Grain width,grain thickness,100-grain volume and 100-grain mass decreased with the increasing of population gradient,whilegrain water content showed opposite response.In the range of 6.00×10^(4)~9.00×10^(4)plants per hectare,thegrain yield and population gradient showed a quadratic parabola curve relationship,when the population gradient was 7.50×10^(4)plants per hectare,the highest yield was achieved as 9029.34 kg per hectare.
作者
许海涛
许波
王友华
王成业
Xu Haitao;Xu Bo;Wang Youhua;Wang Chengye(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultral Sciences/Zhumadian Comprehensive Experimental Station,Henan Maize Industrial Technology System,Zhumadian 463000,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
北大核心
2021年第7期39-45,共7页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省重大科技专项(161100110500-0108)
河南现代玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站建设项目(Z2019-02-04)。
关键词
夏玉米
群体渐增梯度
生理特性
籽粒性状
产量
Summer maize
Population incremental gradient
Physiological characteristics
Grain traits
Yield
