摘要
【目的】分析不同生态类型玉米品种的高产潜力及生长特性,为热区玉米品种合理布局和提高玉米生产能力提供参考依据。【方法】以我国北方和广西生态区域玉米品种(分别为XY335、DH11和DK008、GD688)为材料,在广西南宁市参考北方高产玉米增密栽培措施,从各品种玉米叶面积指数(I_(LA))变化规律、干物质积累特性、产量形成和计算机模拟技术(Hybrid-Maize模型)产量潜力等角度分析两个生态类型玉米品种的产量潜力。【结果】利用多项式模拟两个生态类型玉米品种I_(LA)曲线的拟合效果较好,其I_(LA),max和I_(LA)衰减速度不一致,其中灌浆期的I_(LA)表现为广西生态类型品种(GD688和DK008)优于北方生态类型品种(XY335和DH11);密度和品种互作(D×V)对干物质积累无显著影响(P>0.05,下同),品种间干物质积累量主要在开花—成熟期阶段表现差异显著(P<0.05,下同);GD688和DK008的干物质生产能力明显优于XY335和DH11;增加种植密度对参试品种的穗长、穗粗和穗粒数负面影响显著,对提高产量效果不显著,其中产量与开花期—成熟期干物质积累量和成熟期植株干物质重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);广西生态类型玉米品种的产量潜力较北方生态类型高20.60%~24.20%;增加种植密度后,两个生态类型玉米品种的产量潜力增幅为14.30%~22.65%,产量潜力实现效率下降6.20%~15.90%,但北方生态类型玉米品种的产量潜力实现效率较高。【结论】在玉米生产上合理布局品种应充分考虑品种的生长特性和生态适应性。增加种植密度是提高玉米生产潜力的重要举措,广西生态区域玉米新品种的产量水平、耐密特性仍需进一步改良和提高。
【Objective】The high yield potentiality and growth characteristics of maize varieties with different ecotypes were studied to provide the basis for reasonable distribution of maize varieties and improvement of maize production capacity in tropical area.【Method】Taking the varieties from the ecological regions of northern China and Guangxi as the test materials(XY335 and DH1,DK008 and GD688),referring to the high-yield cultivation measures of maize in northern China,the yield potentiality of maize varieties was studied and analyzed from the changeable leaf area index(ILA),dry matter accumulation characteristics,yield formation and yield potentiality of Hybrid-Maize model.【Result】Using polynomial to simulate the curve of leaf area index(ILA),the fitting effect was better.The ILA,max and ILA attenuation rate of maize varieties with different ecotypes were not consistent,and the ILA of Guangxi ecotype(GD688 and DK008)was better than that of northern ecotype(XY335 and DH11)in filling stage.The interaction effect of increasing planting density with varieties was not significant(P>0.05,the same below),and the dry matter accumulation of varieties showed significant differences mainly in the stage from anthesis to mature(P<0.05,the same below).The dry matter production capacity of GD688 and DK008 were superior than XY335 and DH11.Increasing planting density had significant negative effects on ear length,ear diameter and grain number,and had no significant effect on yield.The yield was extremely significantly correlated with the dry matter accumulation from anthesis to maturity and the dry matter weight at maturity(P<0.01).The yield potentiality of maize varieties of Guangxi ecotypes was 20.60%-24.20%higher than that of northern ecotype.With increasing the planting density,the yield potentiality of the two ecotypes increased by 14.30%-22.65%,and the realization efficiency of yield potentiality decreased by 6.20%-15.90%.And the realization efficiency of yield potentiality of the northern ecotypes was higher than that of the Guangxi ecotypes.【Conclusion】The growth characteristics and ecological adaptability of maize varieties should be fully considered in reasonable distribution of maize production.Increasing planting density is an important measure to improve the production potential of maize,and the yield and density tolerance of new maize varieties in Guangxi ecotype region need to be further improved.
作者
钟昌松
吕巨智
石达金
范继征
闫飞燕
卢生乔
弓雪
陈坤
刘亚利
张述宽
ZHONG Chang-song;LYU Ju-zhi;SHI Da-jin;FAN Ji-zheng;YAN Fei-yan;LU Sheng-qiao;GONG Xue;CHEN Kun;LIU Ya-li;ZHANG Shu-kuan(Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1146-1155,共10页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西玉米创新团队首席专家项目(nycytxgxcxtd-04-01)。
关键词
玉米
叶面积指数
干物质积累
产量潜力
生态类型
Maize
Leaf area index
Dry matter accumulation
Yield potentiality
Ecotype
