摘要
土壤水分和土壤电导率是影响植被生长和农业发展的重要因素,传统方法测量土壤水分和土壤电导率成本高,导致当前缺少基于实测资料的这两种土壤变量在山区流域不同空间尺度下的研究。本研究利用地表土壤水分和电导率实测数据,应用统计学方法,分析了天山西部巩乃斯河谷地带不同空间尺度下秋季地表土壤水分和地表土壤电导率的分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)在巩乃斯河谷,流域尺度地表土壤水分随海拔的升高而显著(P<0.01)增加,增加速率为每公里10%,但在阿拉图拜小流域,地表土壤水分随海拔的升高先上升后降低;流域尺度平均地表土壤电导率为17.51 mS·m^(-1),表层土壤整体上不存在盐碱化,但2000~2500 m海拔范围内部分点的电导率大于35 mS·m^(-1),为轻度盐渍化;坡地尺度下,不同坡向地表土壤水分和电导率均存在较大差异,阴坡地表土壤水分(均值:44.22%)>阳坡(均值:22.83%),阳坡地表土壤电导率(均值:8.33 mS·m^(-1))>阴坡(均值:4.58 mS·m^(-1));(2)随空间尺度增大,影响土壤特性的环境要素更加复杂,地表土壤水分与地表土壤电导率关系逐渐变弱;(3)不同土地利用类型的地表土壤水分依次为:草地(均值37.19%)>耕地(均值37.04%)>林地(均值34.67%),地表土壤电导率依次为:耕地(均值17.36 mS·m^(-1))>草地(均值14.95 mS·m^(-1))>林地(均值13.81 mS·m^(-1))。在海拔、坡向、土地利用类型的影响下,巩乃斯河谷地带地表土壤电导率和土壤水分均呈中度变异。本研究有益于巩乃斯河流域水土资源合理利用及生态环境保护。
Soil moisture and soil conductivity are important factors influencing vegetation growth and agricultural production.Traditional methods for measuring soil moisture and soil electric conductivity are costly,leading to a lack of research on these two soil properties at different spatial scales in the mountainous basin.In this study,the distributions and influencing factors of surface soil moisture and soil electric conductivity were analyzed at different spatial scales during autumn in the Kunes Valley in the western Tianshan Mountains.To do this,data of surface soil moisture and electrical conductivity was measured and compared.The results showed four main findings.(1)In the Kunes Valley,surface soil moisture increased significantly(P<0.01)with an increase in altitude at the basin scale,with an increase rate of 10%km-1.However,in the small Alatubai watershed,the surface soil moisture first rises and then decreases as the elevation increases.Average soil electrical conductivity at the basin scale is 17.51 m S·m^(-1),with no salinization in the surface soil as a whole.Yet,surface soil electric conductivity of some points in the 2000-2500 m altitude zone is greater than 35 mS·m^(-1),indicating that mild salinization exists in the corresponding zone.(2)Under different slopes,there are large differences in surface soil moisture and electrical conductivity.Surface soil moisture at the northern slope(average:44.22%)is greater than that at the southern slopes(average:22.83%),while surface soil electrical conductivity at the southern slope(average value:8.33 m S·m^(-1))is greater than that at the northern slope(average value:4.58 m S·m^(-1)).(3)Because the influencing factors of soil property were more complex at the larger spatial scale,the correlation between surface soil moisture and surface soil conductivity becomes weaker as the spatial scale enlarges.(4)The order of surface soil moisture for different land use types is:grassland(37.19%)>cultivated land(37.04%)>forest land(34.67%);the order of surface soil electric conductivity is:cultivated land(17.36 mS·m^(-1))>grassland(14.95 mS·m^(-1))>forest land(13.81 mS·m^(-1)).Under the influence of altitude,aspect,and land use type,the surface soil electrical conductivity and soil moisture in the Kunes River Basin shows moderate variations.This study provides useful information for rational water and soil resource management,as well as ecological environment protection in the Kunes River Basin.
作者
冯挺
黄法融
郝建盛
李兰海
FENG Ting;HUANG Fa-rong;HAO Jian-sheng;LI Lan-hai(State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hi Station for Watershed Ecosystem Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xinyuan 835800,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830011,China;Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期1457-1468,共12页
Arid Zone Research
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2017D04010)。
关键词
地表土壤水分
地表土壤电导率
空间分布
巩乃斯河流域
surface soil moisture
surface soil electrical conductivity
spatial distribution
Kunes River Basin
