摘要
基于模糊隶属函数综合评价理论,以青海共和盆地东缘5、10、15、20、25年生青杨纯林和青杨+云杉林为研究对象,选择能反映群落基本特征的种群更新潜力、土壤肥力、林地生产力和物种多样性4项指标,构建森林群落稳定性评价模型,评价森林群落稳定性。结果表明:青杨+云杉林的林分更新潜力高于青杨纯林。25年生青杨纯林内补植云杉可以提高林地0~40 cm土壤中速效磷、速效钾含量及0~60 cm土壤中有机质含量。混交丰富了冠层结构,补植提升了乔木层生物量,乔木竞争优势大于灌木,随着林龄的增大,青杨+云杉林内乔木层地下部分生物量增长速率大于地上部分。随林着内生境的改善,植物地下竞争效应增强,地下部分生物量分配增加。25年生青杨+云杉林内物种丰富度最高,林下草本层多样性指数、优势度也最大。不同恢复年限群落稳定性表现为25年生青杨+云杉林为最高,评价结果符合当地青杨纯林发育情况。成熟的云杉杉塔可为群落正向演替及持续发育提供稳定的生殖策略,使群落向近自然林结构发展。在共和盆地东缘及相似生境以青杨无性系扦插苗营造的第一代防护林基础上开展乡土树种补植,可提高群落稳定性,实现群落天然化发育。
In this study,based on the comprehensive evaluation theory of fuzzy membership function,5-,10-,15-,20-,and 25-year-old Populus cathayana and Populus cathayana+Picea crassifolia forests at the eastern edge of the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai Province were investigated and four indicators that can reflect the basic characteristics of the community,namely,population renewal potential,forest soil fertility,forest productivity,and species diversity,were selected to build an evaluation model for forest community stability.The results indicated that the regeneration potential of the P.cathayana+P.crassifolia forest was higher than that of the P.cathayana forest.Planting P.crassifolia in a 25-year-old P.cathayana forest increased the content of available phosphorus,available potassium in the 0-40 cm soil,and organic matter in the 0-60 cm soil of the forest.Mixed planting enriched the canopy structure,whereas replanting enhanced the biomass of the tree layer.The competitive advantage of trees was greater than that of shrubs.As the forest age increased,the biomass growth rate of the underground part of the tree layer in the P.cathayana+P.crassifolia forest was greater than that of the aboveground part.As the habitat in the forest improved,the underground competition effect of plants increased and allocation of biomass in the underground part increased.The 25-year-old P.cathayana+P.crassifolia forest had the highest species richness as well as diversity index and dominance of the understory herb layer.The stability of the community in different restoration years was the highest in the 25-year-old P.cathayana+P.crassifolia forest,and the evaluation results were consistent with the development of the local P.cathayana forest.Mature P.crassifolia can provide a stable reproductive strategy for positive succession and sustainable development of the community,enabling it to develop a near-natural forest structure.The first generation protection forest built with P.cathayana clone cuttings at the east edge of the Gonghe Basin and similar habitats suggested that replanting of local tree species can improve community stability,achieve natural community development.
作者
徐莹
邓磊
XU Ying;DENG Lei(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Forestry and Grassland Project Service Center in Qinghai Province,Xining,Qinghai 810000,China)
出处
《森林与环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期634-641,共8页
Journal of Forest and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“高寒半干旱荒漠区植被恢复过程中深层土壤有机碳库特征及其组分稳定性维持的微生物机制”(42267072)
青海省重点研发与转化计划“青海共和盆地基于林分稳定和功能保障的沙化土地防护林评价和示范”(2022-NK-168)。
关键词
高寒荒漠区
人工林
混交
模糊综合评价
群落稳定性
alpine desert region
artificial forest
mingling
fuzzy synthetic
stand stability
