摘要
创业意愿与创业行为一致性差异是创业研究的重要问题,以往研究对这一问题的解释较少考虑创业活动情境的不确定性。以个人舒适区和可承担损失为视角,针对197个案例对象采取定性比较分析方法,用组态思维揭示了创业意愿与创业行为一致性差异的多重等效因果路径:(1)创业意愿、可承担损失、生活—工作舒适区一致作为核心条件,共同构成创业行为的充分条件;(2)创业意愿和工作舒适区作为核心条件,构成创业行为的充分条件;(3)生活舒适区和可承担损失作为核心条件,构成创业行为的充分条件;(4)个人舒适区和可承担损失作为边缘条件,构成创业行为的充分条件。创业行为产生与否,需考虑创业活动不确定情境下个人意愿与不同条件的组态。
Although the entrepreneurial intention is considered as an effective indicator to predict entrepreneurial action,the fact is that in the sizable proportion of people who express an intention to engage in start-up activity,only a very small number of people follow up on that intention with concrete actions.Why there are differences in consistency between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior?Or what kind of factors need to be considered overall to effectively reveal the transmission mechanism between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior?Current studies about the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior mainly focus on the entrepreneurship intention model,they neither sufficiently consider the uncertainty of entrepreneurial activity situation nor deeply explore the transmission mechanism between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior,which cannot effectively explain the reasons for the differences in consistency between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior.This study,thus,considers the uncertain situation and multiple antecedent conditions of entrepreneurial activities to explore the causal mechanism.Being faced with the uncertainty of entrepreneurial activities,the individuals are hard to predict future outcomes on the basis of prior information,and the cognitive appraisal about unknown loss and the uncertainty of entrepreneurial outcomes will become the important factors to explain the decision-making of entrepreneurial behavior.Therefore,this study tries to explore the cause mechanism about the differences in consistency between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior from the perspective of comfort zone and affordable loss.The study makes a survey from 197 cases through the mobile test center and explores the status and effects of configurations of different kinds of antecedent conditions by using the clear-set qualitative comparative analysis.The results show that in revealing the differences in consistency between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior,all the different configurations can explain the reasons for triggering entrepreneurial actions,which means they hold multiple equifinal causal paths.Firstly,entrepreneurial intention,affordable loss,and life-work consistency serve as core conditions,all of them work together to constitute the sufficient condition for entrepreneurial behavior.Secondly,entrepreneurial intention and work comfort zone become core conditions,and they also work together to constitute a sufficient condition for entrepreneurial behavior.Thirdly,life comfort zone,and affordable loss share the same with the two previous.Finally,individual comfort zone and affordable loss serve as boundary conditions for being sufficient conditions to promote entrepreneurial behavior.This study indicates that whether entrepreneurial action can be put into practice or not,we should consider the various conditions sets in the uncertain situation of entrepreneurial activities.So,when we explain the decision making of entrepreneurial action,we need to tackle it in the logic of configuration thoughts,which can help us beyond the limits of marginal net effects of traditional econometric analysis.Furthermore,the principles of affordable loss and beyond comfort zone can provide us with some practical implications to deal with the uncertainty of entrepreneurial activity situations.The innovations about this research can be seen in three aspects.Firstly,the research about differences in consistency between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior provides a new perspective for the existing research about the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and behavior.Secondly,the affordable loss is introduced in this study,which can deepen the effectuation theory and explore new applicable space for the theory.Thirdly,from the view of comfort zone,the study also offers new content for the study of entrepreneurial behavior decision making in uncertain situations.In the future study,the other factors about the discrepancy between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior can be further explored to improve case coverage,and it can also explore more established methods of related variables to improve the validity of research conclusions.
作者
何良兴
张玉利
HE Liangxing;ZHANG Yuli(School of Business Administration,Nanjing University of Finance&Economics,Nanjing 210023,China;Business School,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)
出处
《科学学与科学技术管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期26-42,共17页
Science of Science and Management of S.& T.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71532005,71472098)。
关键词
创业意愿
创业行为
不确定性
舒适区
可承担损失
定性比较分析
entrepreneurial intention
entrepreneurial behavior
uncertainty
comfort zone
affordable loss
qualitative comparative analysis
