摘要
老年人养老问题是人口老龄化背景下亟需解决的社会问题。本项研究基于2011年中国老年人健康长寿调查(CLHLS)数据,将家庭养老分为经济支持、生活照料与精神支持,分析了养老保险对家庭养老的影响以及居住安排的调节效应。研究发现:(1)养老保险对家庭养老具有挤出效应;相比于同子女居住的老人,与配偶居住、独居和居住养老机构对家庭养老有显著负向作用。(2)养老保险强化了子女对独居者经济支持的负向影响;养老保险对与配偶居住和独居老人照料支持起到了负向调节作用。(3)养老保险与居住安排对家庭养老的影响存在性别、城乡与年龄段差异。同时,文章指出养老保险通过居住安排间接影响了家庭养老,即理想化结果是:在尊重老人选择居住安排的同时,养老保险弥补因居住安排导致家庭养老的缺陷。文章最后结合研究结论,探讨了本项研究的政策启示。
The issue of elderly care is a social one that needs to be solved urgently in the context of an aging population.Based on the data from China Elderly Health and Longevity Survey 2011(CLHLS),this study divides family supports for elderly people into economic support,daily life care and spiritual comfort,and analyzes the impact of old-age insurance on family supports,as well as the moderating effect of living arrangements.It is found that(1)oldage insurance has crowding out effect on family supports;Compared with the elderly living with their children,living with their spouse,living alone and living in nursing institutions have a significant negative effect on the family supports.(2)The old-age insurance intensifies the negative influence of children on the economic support of their parent living alone;The oldage insurance has a negative adjustment effect on the care and support of the elderly living with their spouse and living alone.(3)There are differences in the impact of old-age insurance and living arrangements on family supports,depending on the elderly’s gender,their living in rural or urban areas,as well as their age being in which age groups.At the same time,the article points out that the old-age insurance can indirectly affect the family supports through the living arrangements,and an ideal result is:while respecting the elderly's choice of living a rrangements,t he o ld-age i nsurance can make up t he s hortfall c aused by t he l iving arrangements in the family supports.In the end,the paper draws a conclusion and discusses the policy implications of this research.
作者
刘一伟
LIU Yi-wei(Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing,100081)
出处
《中国劳动》
2020年第3期70-81,共12页
China Labor
基金
教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目,项目编号:20YJCZH103.
关键词
养老保险
居住安排
家庭养老
old-age insurance
living arrangements
family supports
