摘要
目的分析进行儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)病原学特征,探讨其预防对策。方法选取我院儿科2018年6月~2019年6月确诊的500例CAP患儿,记录细菌、病毒、支原体病原检测结果及儿童CAP不同季节分布情况。结果儿童CAP更易由细菌感染引发,细菌感染率占29.0%,其次是病毒感染、支(衣)原体感染和混合感染,其中婴、幼儿组感染率高达57.6%;细菌感染率中,婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组肺炎链球菌感染明显高于流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、卡他莫拉菌,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CAP患儿病毒感染率中,呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)明显高于腺病毒(ADV)、流感病毒(Flu)和副流感病毒(PIV),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);儿童CAP四季均有出现,但秋冬季节发病率明显高于春夏季节。结论儿童CAP主要由细菌感染、病毒感染、支(衣)原体感染及混合感染引起,儿童年龄越小,尤其是婴幼儿年龄段,越易患上CAP,秋冬季节发病风险更高,应针对儿童CAP病原体特征、年龄分布、发病季节制定相应的预防对策。
Objective To analyze the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)in children,and explore its preventive measures.Methods 500 children with CAP diagnosed in the department of pediatrics of our hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected.The test results of bacterial,viral and mycoplasma pathogens and the distribution of CAP in children in different seasons were recorded.Results CAP in children was more likely to be caused by bacterial infection with the bacterial infection rate of 29.0%,followed by viral infection,mycoplasma(chlamydia)infection and mixed infection.The infection rate in the infant and young child group reached 57.6%.For bacterial infection rate,the infection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was significantly higher than that of Haemophilus influenzae,Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis in infant group,young child group,preschool group and school-age group,but without significant difference among groups(P>0.05).For virus infection rate,the infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)was significantly higher than that of adenovirus(ADV),influenza virus(Flu)and parainfluenza virus(PIV),but without significant difference among groups(P>0.05).CAP in children occurred in all seasons,but the incidence was significantly higher in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer.Conclusion CAP in children is mainly caused by bacterial infection,viral infection,mycoplasma(chlamydia)infection and mixed infections.The younger the child is,the higher incidence of CAP is,especially in infants and young children.The onset risk is higher in autumn and winter.Preventive measures should be developed according to the pathogen features,age distribution and onset season of CAP in children.
作者
陈钟英
曾妍
高正炎
CHEN Zhongying;ZENG Yan;GAO Zhengyan(Department of Pediatrics,the Second People's Hospital of Futian District,Guangdong,Shenzhen 518000,China)
出处
《中国医药科学》
2020年第5期107-110,共4页
China Medicine And Pharmacy
关键词
儿童
社区获得性肺炎
病原学特征
预防对策
Children
Community-acquired pneumonia
Etiological feature
Preventive measures
