摘要
[目的]本文旨在探究施硫时期对小麦颖果和胚乳发育的影响。[方法]以‘扬麦16’为材料,研究了播种期、拔节期、孕穗期、开花期各施60 kg·hm^(-2)硫肥对小麦颖果发育形态、胚乳中蛋白和淀粉分布与积累的影响,以不施硫肥为对照。[结果]施硫使小麦灌浆中后期颖果长度、宽度、周长、投影面积和干、鲜质量增加,发育后期颖果投影面积增加了0.5%~18.7%;在孕穗期施硫显著增加胚乳细胞数,相对增加量为92%~97%。胚乳中蛋白体总面积因施硫而增加,而小淀粉粒总面积则降低。施用硫肥提高了籽粒各层蛋白质含量,主要调控皮层和外胚乳中淀粉含量。各施硫时期对籽粒蛋白质和淀粉分布及含量的影响从大到小依次为孕穗期、播种期、开花期、拔节期。[结论]施硫提高胚乳细胞数,增大籽粒库容;提高了灌浆中期蛋白体的比例,有利于成熟籽粒蛋白质的积累,并以孕穗期施硫处理调控效果最好。
[Objectives]This study aims to probe effects of different application periods of sulfur on wheat caryopsis development.[Methods]‘Yangmai16’was used as the plant material to study effects of 60 kg·hm-2 sulfur applied at sowing time,jointing stage,booting stage and anthesis on characteristics of caryopsis,the distribution and accumulation of protein body and amyloplast.[Results]The length,width,area,perimeter,fresh and dry weight of caryopsis were increased by the application of sulfur fertilizer.0.5%-18.7%of caryopsis area in later development increased.The number of endosperm cells significantly increased,too.The relative increment of endosperm cells number was 92%-97%when using sulfur at booting stage.The area of protein bodies increased while the area of small starch granules decreased.The content of starch in cortex and outer endosperm was mainly regulated by using sulfur,while protein content in all pearling of grain improved.The comparison of effects in sulfur fertilizing periods on the distribution and contents of protein and starch was booting stage,anthesis,sowing time and jointing stage.[Conclusions]Sulfur application increased the quantity of endosperm cell and enlarged storage capacity of caryopsis.The proportions of protein bodies increased by using sulfur,which resulted in high protein content in grain at maturity.Sulfur applied atbooting stage had the most significantly regulation effect on protein content.
作者
陶莉敏
周琴
蔡剑
王笑
戴廷波
姜东
TAO Limin;ZHOU Qin;CAI Jian;WANG Xiao;DAI Tingbo;JIANG Dong(College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management,Ministry of Agriculture/ Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期402-412,共11页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31325020
31471445
31401326)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300408
2017YFD0301206
2016YFD0300107
2017YFD0301204)
国家现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)
关键词
小麦
生育期
硫肥
颖果
胚乳发育
蛋白
淀粉
wheat
development stage
sulfur
caryopsis
endosperm development
protein
starch
