摘要
河长制由江苏省无锡市首创。河长制的发展经历了个别首创、局部扩散和全面推进等三个阶段。河长制的诞生源于水资源危机、水环境危机、水生态危机等水危机,而水危机的根源在于水体制失灵、水机制失灵和水制度失灵。河长制的实质是对现有河流管理制度的统筹,是对现有河流管理权威的加强,是对现有河流管理职责的监管。河长制的环境绩效是单一的正面效应,而河长制的经济绩效和社会绩效则具有双重性。从实施河长制的地区观察,河流的水环境质量显著改善。河长制的实施,倒逼经济转型升级,出现经济生态化和生态经济化的趋势,但是,也呈现出"不惜代价治水"的高成本问题。河长制的实施,强化了政府主体的作用,弱化了市场主体的作用;强化了政府机制的功能,弱化了社会机制的功能;强化了河长的职能,弱化了原治水部门的职能。在水危机和水制度危机十分严峻的背景下,即使存在河长制的负面影响,只要正面效应大于负面效应,河长制依然是值得肯定的。分析已有治水机构及治水机制可知,河长制的职能定位应该是调查研究、综合协调、考核评价、监督检查。河长制的可能模式包括政府主导型模式——党政领导担任河长、社会主导型模式——社会贤达担任河长和市场主导型模式——企业家担任河长,在一定的时期也许是三种模式同时并存。从历史长河来观察,河长制是特定历史阶段的产物。随着现代水治理体系和水治理机制的完善,河长制最终将退出历史舞台。
The River Chief System(RCS)is originated in Wuxi,Jiangsu province.The development of RCS has undergone three stages of the individual initial stage,the local diffusion stage and the overall promotion stage.The origin of RCS comes from water crisis,water environment crisis,water ecological crisis,etc.And the root of the water crisis lies in the failure of the water system,the failure of the water mechanism and the failure of the water institution.The essence of RCS is the overall planning of the current river management system,the strengthening the current authority of the river management,and the supervision the current responsibilities of the river management.The environmental performance of RCS is a single positive effect,while the economic performance and social performance of its are dual.Observed from the area where RCS is implemented,the water environment quality of the river has been greatly improved.The implementation of RCS has forced the transformation and upgrading of the economy,with the trend toward economic ecologicalization and ecological economization.However,it also shown a high cost problem.The implementation of RCS strengthened the role of the government,weakened the role of the market,strengthened the function of the government mechanism,weakened the function of the social mechanism,strengthened the function of the river chief,and weakened the function of the original water control department.Under the background of serious water crisis and water institution crisis,if the positive effect of RCS is greater than the negative,it is still worthy.The analysis of current water management institutions and water control mechanism shows that the function of RCS should be investigation,coordination,assessment,evaluation,supervision and inspection.The models of RCS including government-led mode,social-led mode and market-led mode,three modes may be coexisting in a certain period of time.Viewed from a long history,RCS is the specific historical product.With the improvement of the modern water management system and mechanism,RCS will eventually step down from the stage of history.
作者
沈满洪
SHEN Man-hong(School of Business, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211, China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期134-139,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目"健全水资源有偿使用和生态补偿制度及实现机制研究"(批准号:14ZDA071)
关键词
河长制
制度绩效
制度创新
the River Chief System
institutional performance
institutional innovation
