摘要
为探明控释氮肥在直播油菜上的应用效果和施用技术,研究成都平原冲积性水稻土上普通尿素与控释尿素单施及其配施对油菜产量和氮肥利用率的影响。2011—2012年,在相同施氮量(N 189 kg/hm^2)条件下,设置普通尿素单施(PU)、控释尿素单施(CU)、普通尿素与控释尿素各50%配合施用(PCU)3个处理。2012—2013年,在相同施氮量(N 180 kg/hm^2)条件下,按普通尿素与控释尿素配施比例33%、50%、67%(PCU33、PCU50、PCU67)和一次性基施氮肥(T1)、基肥+1次苗期追肥分次施氮(T2)设置6个处理(PCU33T1,PCU33T2,PCU50T1,PCU50T2,PCU67T1,PCU67T2)。结果显示:同等施氮量(N 189 kg/hm^2)下,与普通尿素单施处理(PU)相比,普通尿素与控释尿素配施处理(PCU)具有相对较高的籽粒产量(3 166.9 kg/hm^2)、氮肥农学利用率(8.0 kg/kg)、氮肥偏生产力(16.8kg/kg)、氮肥贡献率(47.9%)和氮肥表观利用率(54.5%)。在相同施氮量(N 180 kg/hm^2)和普通尿素、控释尿素配施条件下,PCU33、PCU50处理的籽粒产量(162 9.0、182 0.1 kg/hm^2)和氮肥利用率均显著或明显高于PCU67处理的。结果表明,本试验条件下,普通尿素与控释尿素配施比例为33%~50%,并采用氮肥一次性基施有利于直播油菜高产、高效。
Two field experiments were carried out to explore the effects of single and combined application of controlledrelease coated urea and conventional urea on yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of direct sowing rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)at a paddy field in Chengdu plain.During the period from2011to2012,three experiments wereconducted with controlled release coated urea(CU),conventional urea(PU),and1︰1of coated urea and conventionalurea(PCU))at the same N fertilizer amount(189kg/hm2)in form of single basal application.During the period from2012to2013,six experiments were set up,they were combined application of conventional urea and controlled–releasecoated urea the ratio of33%,50%and67%,labeled by PCU33,PCU50and PCU67respectively;single basal application(T1),basal application and one time topdressing(T2)at the same N fertilizer amount(180kg/hm2).The results indicatedthat seeds yield(3166.9kg/hm2),agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer(AEN,8.0kg/kg),partial factor productivity of Nfertilizer(PFPN,16.8kg/kg),N fertilizer contribution rate(NCR,47.9%)and apparent recovery efficiency of Nfertilizer(REN,54.5%)in treatment PCU were relative higher than that in treatment PU at the same amount of Napplication(189kg/hm2).Seed yields in treatment PCU33and PCU50were1629.0and1820.1kg/hm2,respectively,which were obviously higher than that in treatment PCU67at the same amount of N application(180kg/hm2),the samesituation was true for nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in treatments PCU33and PCU50compared with treatment PCU67.Therefore,combined application of33%to50%controlled release coated urea as single basal application could bebeneficial to high yield and use efficiency for direct sowing rapeseed in Chengdu plain.
作者
段秋宇
刘士山
吴永成
DUAN Qiuyu;LIU Shishan;WU Yongcheng(College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)
出处
《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期433-437,共5页
Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)
基金
四川省农作物育种攻关栽培项目(2016NYZ0051)
关键词
直播油菜
控释尿素
普通尿素
产量
氮肥利用率
direct sowing rapeseed
controlled release coated urea
conventional urea
yield
nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency
