摘要
[目的]探讨控释肥和灌溉方式对栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Bl.)容器苗生长、养分含量、基质电导率(EC)及2年造林效果的影响,为培育高质量苗木提供参考。[方法]以栓皮栎容器苗为研究对象,采用双因素完全随机试验设计,设置5个施肥水平(以N元素含量为基准,5个施肥水平分别为:25、75、125、175、225 mg·株^(-1))和2种灌溉方式(上方喷灌(O)、底部渗灌(S)),测定栓皮栎容器苗形态指标、养分含量、根系生长、基质EC值及连续2年造林效果。[结果]表明:(1)施肥量和灌溉方式二者对苗木形态指标影响存在交互效应,225-O处理的苗木地径、根生物量、单株生物量最大,但根生物量、单株生物量在225-O、125-S、175-O处理之间差异不显著。225-S处理的苗高、茎生物量、茎根比最大,茎生物量在225-S与225-O之间差异不显著。(2)苗木茎、根的氮磷钾浓度和含量随施肥量的增加而增大,施肥量125、175、225 mg·株^(-1)处理之间的根氮、磷含量及单株磷含量差异不显著。(3)增加施肥量促进苗木根系的生长,施肥量为125、175、225 mg·株^(-1)处理之间的根系表面积、体积差异不显著。(4)基质EC值随施肥量的增加而增大,底部渗灌显著提高了基质上层、下层的EC值,基质上层、下层的最大EC值分别为4. 69、0. 56d S·m-1,没有对苗木生长产生不利影响。(5)和上方喷灌相比,底部渗灌显著地促进造林第1年幼树的树高、地径生长;造林第1年、第2年的树高和地径均随施肥量的增加而增大,造林第2年,施肥量125、175、225 mg·株^(-1)处理之间的树高、地径差异不显著。[结论]底部渗灌提高了栓皮栎容器苗体内的养分含量,促进了造林第1年幼树树高、地径的生长。施加控释肥有利于苗期苗木质量的提高及造林后苗木的快速生长。综合考虑苗木质量、经济效益、环境利益,培育栓皮栎容器苗可选择底部渗灌和控释肥量为125 mg·株^(-1)的组合(以N元素含量为基准)。
[Objective]To investigate the effects of fertilizer rate and irrigation method on morphological attributes,nutrient status,medium electrical conductivity（ EC） and 2-years＇ outplanting performance of containerized Quercus variabilis seedlings. [Method] Seedlings were raised with 5 fertilizer rates（ 25,75,125,175,and 225 mg ·plant^-1） and 2 irrigation methods（ overhead irrigation（ O） and subirrigation（ S））. The experiment was a two-factor completely randomize design. Morphological attributes,nutrient status,root growth,medium EC,and 2-years＇ outplanting performance were measured. [Result]Interaction of fertilizer rate and irrigation method significantly affected seedling growth. The root-collar diameter,root and total biomass of seedling reached maximum value with225-O treatment. There was no significant difference on root and total plant biomass among 225-O,125-S,and 175-O. The height,stem biomass,and S/R ratio of seedling reached maximum value with 225-S treatment. There was no significant difference on stem biomass among 225-S and 225-O. The nutrient concentration and content were improved with increasing fertilizer rate. There was no significant difference on root N,P content and total P content among 125,175,and 225 mg · plant^-1. Increasing fertilizer rate promoted root growth. There was no significant difference on root surface area and volume among 125,175,and 225 mg·plant^-1. Fertilization resulted in high medium EC. Subirrigation significantly increased medium EC in upper and bottom layer. The highest medium EC reached 4. 69 d S·m-1 but did not have harmful effect on seedlings. Subirrigation improved the height and root-collar diameter of seedlings 1 year after outplanting. 2 years after outplanting,the height and root-collar diameter of seedlings grew greatly with increasing fertilizer rate,but there was no significant difference on height and root-collar diameter of seedlings among 125,175,and 225 mg·plant^-1. [Conclusion]Subirrigation improves nutrient content and 1-year＇s outplanting performance. Controlled-release fertilizer increased seedlings quality,and 2-years＇ outplanting performance. Considering seedling quality,economic benefits and environmental value,fertilizer rate of125 mg·plant^-1 and subirrigation was the optimum combination for container seedling production of this species.
作者
孙巧玉
刘勇
SUN Qiao-yu;LIU Yong(Key laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Educatio;Forestry College,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《林业科学研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期137-144,共8页
Forest Research
基金
"948"计划资助项目"容器苗底部渗灌技术引进"(2012-4-66)
关键词
控释肥
底部渗灌
栓皮栎容器苗
苗木质量
造林效果
controlled-release fertilizer
subirrigation
Quercus variabilis container seedling
seedlings quality
outplanting performance
