摘要
干旱是马铃薯生产的主要限制因子。本文综述了近年来马铃薯生长发育、生理生态特征、产量形成等对水分亏缺响应的研究进展。干旱胁迫可引起播种后的种薯延迟或者不能发芽,出苗后的植株生长缓慢、叶片光合能力降低,最终导致块茎产量和收获指数下降。同时,随着水分胁迫时间的延长和胁迫强度的增加,干旱的抑制作用也逐渐增大。马铃薯叶片扩张速率的土壤有效水(PAW)为0.73(低敏感性品种)~1.00(高敏感性品种),植株相对生长速率、光合速率、蒸腾速率的PAW阈值分别为0.87、0.60、0.60。目前马铃薯生产中基于土壤和植株两个方面监测作物水分状况的监测指标和要素包括基于土壤的土壤水分、潜在蒸发、蒸发皿蒸发等以及基于植物的气孔导度、复水后的光合恢复、叶片/茎秆水势、叶绿素、叶片扩张、叶片相对含水量、作物水分胁迫指数、冠层温度等。在此基础上,提出了未来干旱对马铃薯生产影响研究中应着重加强的关键科学问题,为防旱减灾奠定一定的理论基础。
The drought stress is the main limiting factor in potato production. The effect of water stress on development,physiological ecology characteristics and yield formation of potato were reviewed. The most studies showed that the water stress has delayed the emergence of potato seed,slowed growing development,declined photosynthetic capacity,and consequently lowered the yield and harvest index due to the water stress. The inhibition will increase with the increasing of duration and intensity of stress. The leaf expansion of potato was reflected in a range of plant available soil water（ PAW） from 0. 73 to 1. 00. The relative growth rate,photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of PAW was 0. 87,0. 60 and 0. 60,respectively. In the present,some indicators based on the soil and plants has been discussed,which can indicate the water status of soil-plant system,such as the measurements of soil water content,pan evaporation,potential evapotranspiration and so on. In addition to,plants-based measurements including stomatal conductance,photosynthesis recovery after rewatering,leaf/stem water potential,leaf greenness,leaf expansion,leaf relative water content,crop water stress index,canopy temperature etc. Based on these,some key scientific problems were proposed in the future study,which can supply a theoretical basis for the drought control and disaster mitigation.
作者
赵鸿
任丽雯
赵福年
齐月
蔡迪花
王春玲
陈斐
雷俊
王润元
王鹤龄
张凯
姚玉璧
王兴
ZHAO Hong;REN Liwen;ZHAO Funian;QI Yue;CAI Dihua;WANG Chunling;CHEN Fei;LEI Jun;WANG Runyuan;WANG Heling;ZHANG Kai;YAO Yubi;WANG Xing(Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of China Meteorological Administratio,Lanzhou 730020,China;Dingxi Arid Meteorology and Ecological Environment Field Experimental Station,China Meteorological Administration,Dingxi 743000,Gansu,China;Wuwei Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Wuwei 733000,Gansu,China;Beijing Meteorological Service Center,Beijing 100089,China;Dingxi Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Dingxi 743000,Gansu,China;Northwest Regional Climate Center,Lanzhou 730020,China)
出处
《干旱气象》
2018年第4期537-543,共7页
Journal of Arid Meteorology
基金
国家自然基金(41505099
41575149)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(重大专项)(GYHY201506001-2)
中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室开放基金(CAMF-201801)
甘肃省气象局面上项目(GSMAZd2017-14)共同资助
关键词
马铃薯
水分亏缺
生长发育
生理生态
阈值
监测指标
potato
water stress
growth development
physiological ecology
threshold
indicators
