摘要
本文以产业政策为重点,深入研究政府供给侧政策的基本理论思路。供给侧政策是实施"供给侧结构性改革"的重要手段之一。讨论政府实行经济政策须区分理论与实务。两者具有不同的逻辑:前者注重抽象思维逻辑,后者倾向于具象思维逻辑。在漫长的经济发展史上,政府发挥作用主要体现在供给侧。市场经济是一种需要有治理结构安排的制度。认识和研究政策干预的可行边界,是更好发挥政府作用的一个关键问题。现实世界中的政府经济政策面临多方面的协调和适应性问题。实现产业政策和竞争政策的协调,是中国市场经济制度建设和完善政策体系的重要内容。产业政策必须充分体现竞争友好精神,即在实施产业政策中维护公平竞争秩序,尊重竞争参与权利,坚持竞争优先原则。
If economic activities and systems are divided into demand side and supply side, government interventions in economic activities may also include demand-side and supply-side policies. In economics, a theoretical paradigm has been developed for demand-side policies. Yet a similar paradigm is lacking for supply-side policies. As a result, supply-side policies-and particularly industrial. Policies-have aroused various controversies and debates. This paper investigates the basic theoretical approach of supply-side policies as an important means to propel ＂supply-side structural reforms＂. As long as the concept of countries still exists, it would be inevitable for the government to participate and intervene in economic activities. Economic activity free from any government intervention only exists in hypothetical imagination or academic hypothesis. In the discussion of economic reality, we cannot create a scenario without government role or policy. While theoretical research deals with abstract rationale, empirical analysis cannot be detached from reality. In the long history of economic development, the role of government is mainly embodied at the supply side. Very few governments made no strategic planning on or played no part to promote their countries＇ economic development. To some extent, a government that does nothing to promote or exerts no intervention in its country＇ s economic development has no legitimacy. With the progress of industrialization, countries have broadened the scope of government intervention in the economy, as reflected in the following areas：firstly, countries are developing broader and stronger social safety nets. Secondly, countries strive to achieve the objective of fairness and shared prosperity through the redistribution of income and assets （ income tax, property tax and fiscal subsidies） and implementation of ＂welfare state＂ systems. Thirdly, countries have widely adopted economic intervention policies to achieve and maintain their national interests and strategic goals. Theoretically, government intervention is considered necessary to compensate for market defects. In fact, as an economic system, market economy requires a governance structure. Without effective governance, it is difficult for market economy to function properly. However, the degree of government policy must be appropriate. In this sense, it is of great importance to investigate and determine the viable boundary of policy intervention. Of course, any policy intervention has pros and cons and may more or less deviate from its intended results. Obviously, a basic requirement is that the gains from state intervention in industrial development （mainly reflected in industrial structure） should outweigh the cost of resultant market distortions, including the fairness of market competition, distortions of corporate behavior as a result of policy incentives （e. g. the goal of corporate behavior may change into acquiring policy preferences）, as well as diminishing competitive momentum as a result of receiving policy support. Without avoiding these distortions, an industrial policy may create more harms than benefits. In reality, it is also important for government economic policies to be coordinated and compatible. Given their possible side effects, industrial policies must be conducive to competition. In implement industrial policies, the government must maintain the order of fair competition, create a level playing field and promote competition. Fair competition is the fundamental principle of the effectiveness of market economy. Violating the principle of competition will fundamentally erode market economy. As such, safeguarding market mechanism is the premise for effective implementation of industrial policy. Only pro-competition and industrial policies will invigorate supply system and achieve innovation-driven growth. Balancing industrial policy with competition policy is an important aspect of China＇ s development of market economic system and improvement of policy system. In particular, China must make competition policy into law and foster an effective competition policy system. It is recommended that all industrial policies receive a competition policy review in order to ensure that no industrial policy will undermine fair competition.
作者
金碚
JIN Bei(Institute of Industrial Economy of CASS, Beijing, 100836, China)
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第7期6-18,共13页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
关键词
供给侧政策
产业政策
市场与政府
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side policy
industrial policy
market and government
structural reform of supply-side
