摘要
开放是中国必将长期坚持的国家宏观战略,本土微观企业的出口行为选择是实施开放战略的一个关键。西方经济理论家构建了主流国际贸易理论体系,直接照搬这些理论来指导中国企业的出口选择不符合运用理论所应遵循的基本原则。将中国企业出口选择纳入已经被前沿国际贸易理论所更替的绝对优势、相对优势与资源禀赋理论之中,发现原本正确的贸易理论在当时可以提供所谓"正确"的指导,但理论一旦被其他贸易理论所替代以后,这些理论对实践所给予的指导又会显得非常片面。利用当前被认为是正确的前沿国际贸易理论来指导中国企业出口选择之时必须谨慎,因为前沿贸易理论也完全具有被替代的可能。即使前沿贸易理论是完全正确的,其基于相对严格的假设条件所构建的模型也很可能不具有理论上的一般性。结合异质性企业贸易理论所依赖的理论基础即新贸易理论,从需求、生产与现实基础三个方面探讨前沿的异质性企业贸易模型在经济理论上的一般适用性,解析直接利用该理论指导中国企业出口选择之时所可能产生的疑惑。最后,西方主流国际贸易理论所宣称的核心观点是国际贸易对参与贸易的各方都有益,但自私自利的企业可能会做出与经济整体利益不相符的决策,如西方院外集团干预政治决策以实现贸易保护等行为。在中国特色的政治与经济环境之下,尽管企业的目标也是尽可能地追求利润,但本土企业的经营目标要以国家利益与政策导向为基本前提。在利用西方主流国际贸易理论来指导中国企业出口行为选择之时,不能盲目崇拜这些理论,并且中国企业出口行为选择模式是本土学者突破西方主流国际贸易理论分析框架而推动贸易理论向前发展的一个切入点。
The behavior choice of Chinese firms’export is a key to implement the opening strategy which is the long-term strategy in China.Western economic theorists have constructed the main international trade theory,and directly use the theory for guide the behavior choice of Chinese firms’export is not accurate as it is not in accordance with the basic principles of applying theory.If takes the behavior choice of Chinese firms’export into these theories,absolute advantage theory,comparative advantage theory and H-O theory,which were replaced by newer trade theory,we can find that the original correct trade theory can provide the so-called"correct"guidance at that time,but once the theory is replaced by other trade theories,the guidance given by these theories to practice is obviously one-sided.Hence,people are necessary to be cautious when using the currently correct frontier international trade theory to guide the behavior choice of Chinese firms’export,frontier trade theory also has the possibility of being replaced by a newer theory.Even if the frontier trade theory is completely correct,its model based on relatively strict assumptions is likely to not have theoretical generality.Combined the heterogeneous enterprise trade theory with its theoretical basis of the new trade theory,this paper discusses the general applicability of the frontier heterogeneous enterprise trade model in economic theory from three aspects of demand,production and practical basis,analyzes the possible doubts when directly using the theory to guide the behavior choice of Chinese firms’export.Finally,the core view of western mainstream international trade theory is that international trade is beneficial to all parties involved in trade,but self-interested enterprises may make decisions that are inconsistent with the overall economic interests,such as the intervention of foreign groups in political decisions to achieve trade protection.In the political and economic environment with Chinese characteristics,although the goal of enterprises is to pursue profits as much as possible,the operation goal of local enterprises should be based on national interests and policy orientation.When using the western mainstream international trade theory to guide the behavior choice of Chinese firms’export,we should not blindly worship these theories.At the same time,the behavior choice of local firms’export is a possible key for Chinese scholars to expend the analysis framework of western mainstream international trade theory and promote the development of trade theory.
作者
汤二子
Tang Erzi(School of Business,Nanjing University,210093;School of Economics,Nanjing Audit University,211815)
出处
《制度经济学研究》
2020年第3期177-205,共29页
Research on Institutional Economics
关键词
国际贸易理论
中国企业
出口行为
经济现实
International Trade Theory
Chinese Firms
Export Behavior
Economic Practice
