摘要
【目的】探讨‘夏黑’葡萄在不同穗质量和粒质量级别下果实质量差异,制定‘夏黑’葡萄果实质量等级标准,为生产优质‘夏黑’葡萄提供理论依据。【方法】以河南省不同地区‘夏黑’葡萄为试材,测定穗质量、粒质量、可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量、单宁、着色指数等果实性状指标,通过主成分分析、聚类分析,对果实质量进行综合评价和分级。【结果】‘夏黑’葡萄的可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和着色指数与穗质量呈极显著负相关,总酸含量与穗质量呈正相关,果实质量随穗质量增大而降低。分别将不同穗质量级别和粒质量级别按果实质量分为4类和3类,穗质量≤400 g品质最优但产量低,400-500 g最理想,500-900 g中等,900 g以上最差。粒质量介于6-7 g质量最优,7-9 g及5-6 g中等,〈5 g或〉9 g最差。【结论】在‘夏黑’葡萄生产中,穗质量为400-800 g、粒质量为5-9 g时,果实质量较好。初步制定了河南省‘夏黑’葡萄果实质量等级标准,为生产优质‘夏黑’葡萄,增加市场竞争力和经济效益提供了参考依据。
[ Objective ] The planting area of ＇Summer Black＇ grape have increased year by year. However, owing to the high yield cultivation, improper use of plant growth regulator and management differences, the quality standard of fruits varies with fruit characters such as bunch size, fruit size, fruit color, flavor quality, and so on, leading to poor fruit quality and the sales difficulty and restriction of further develop- ment. In addition, there is no national standard and agriculture industry standar about fruit quality grades of ＇ Summer Black＇ grape in China. Therefore, it is high time for us to carry out the research on grade eval- uation of the fruit quality, exploring the discrepancy Of fruit quality and formulating fruit quality grade standard of ＇Summer Black＇ grape. [ Methods ] The fruits of ＇Summer Black＇ grape produced in Henan were used as experimental materials. The grape bunches were divided into nine different levels according to the bunch weights, which were ≤400 g, 400-500 g, 500-600 g, 600-700 g, 700-800 g, 800-900 g, 900-1 000 g, 1 000-1 100 g and ≥1 100 g. The berries were divided into eight different levels according to the single berry weight, which were ≤ g, 4-5 g, 5-6 g, 6-7 g, 7-8 g, 8-9 g, 9-10 g and ≥10 g. Several fruit characters were measured, including bunch weight, berry weight, soluble solid content, total acid, tannin content, color index. The fruit quality was comprehensively evaluated and classified by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. [ Results ]Fruit characters at different bunch weight levels were different. When the bunch weights of ＇Summer Black＇ ranged tion was 32.49%. While the berry weights ranged from 286.4 g to 1 260.6 g, the coefficient variafrom 5.68 g to 11.1 g, the coefficient variation was 19.8%. The coefficient variations of ratioes of SSC to acid and tannin content were all higher than 16%. The coefficient variation of total acid content, soluble solid content and color index were all higher than 10%. The soluble solid content, ratio of SSC to acid and color index were significantly and negatively correlated with bunch weight, and the total acid was positively correlated with bunch weight. The result of principal component synthetic evaluation showed that when the bunch weights were smaller than 400 g the evaluating value of fruits was the highest, and while the bunch weigh was larger than 900 g the evaluating value was the lowest. The fruit quality decreased with increment of bunch weight. The fruit quality for different bunches and berry weights levels were classified into four types and three types respectively by cluster analysis. The classification results showed that the fruit quality was the highest when the bunch weights was 400-500 g, the medium when the bunch weights was 500-900 g and the lowest when the bunch weights were larger than 900 g. The fruit quality was the highest when the simgle berry weights were 6-7 g the medium when the simgle berry weight were 7-9 g and 5-6 g, the lowest when the simgle berry weight was smaller than 5 g and larger than 9 g. Based on the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis considering and commercial operability, the standard of bunch weight for the first class of fruit quality of ＇ Summer Black＇ grape were 400 g to 800 g, and the single berry weight were 5 g to 9 g. The bunch weight for the second class and the third class were smaller than 400 g and larger than 800 g respectively, and the single berry weight were smaller than 5.0 g and larger than 9.0 g respectively. [ Conclusion ] The quality of ＇Summer Black＇ grape was negatively correlated with bunch weight. It is im- portant to control the bunch weight lower than 800 g and the single berry weight smaller than 9.0 g. The fruit quality grade standard of ＇ Summer Black＇ grape in Henan province was formulated initially. The ideal character values of high-quality grape were that the bunch weight ranged from 400 g to 800 g, single berry weight ranged from 5 gto 9 g, soluble solid content was over 18%, total acid content was lower than 0.5%, tannin content was lower than 1.1 × 10^3 mg· kg^-1, and the bunch color was violet black.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第11期1396-1404,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
郑州市现代农业科技创新工程项目(131PZDGC113)
郑州市水果(葡萄
草莓等)产业体系
河南省大宗水果产业体系(S2014-11)
关键词
'夏黑’葡萄
分级
质量评价
等级标准
＇ Summer Black＇ grape
Fruit grading
Quality evaluation
Grade standard
