摘要
欺骗判断与欺骗行为有着不同的心理机制,正确认识二者之间的关系有助于增强人际间的信任和团队的长远利益。采用行为学实验从两种视角下考察自我控制对欺骗的影响。实验1采用材料评定的方法考察了识别他人自我控制能力状况对欺骗判断的影响,结果发现对比高自我控制能力的人,被试更倾向于认为低自我控制能力的人更有可能为了自己的利益产生欺骗行为和欺骗倾向。实验2采用颜色Stroop任务考察了识别他人自我控制资源衰竭状况对欺骗判断的影响,结果发现当识别他人自我控制资源衰竭时,在评价他人为自己利益去欺骗、为他人利益去欺骗以及在特定情境中欺骗倾向上,没有发现任何显著的主效应或交互作用。实验3采用视觉-感知任务来考察不同水平的自我控制能力对欺骗行为的影响,结果发现,对比高自我控制组,低自我控制组有更多的欺骗行为和欺骗倾向。实验4采用颜色Stroop任务和视觉-感知任务来考察自我控制资源对欺骗行为的影响,结果发现,对比控制组,自我控制资源衰竭组有更多的欺骗行为和欺骗倾向。这些研究结果表明,在进行欺骗判断时,相比自我控制资源状况,个体会优先识别他人的自我控制能力水平来判断其是否具有欺骗动机或欺骗倾向。在欺骗行为中,高自我控制能力的个体,能够更好地抑制自私动机,更多的考虑长远利益,出于自身利益去欺骗的可能性会更小;自我控制资源充足的个体,更有可能会经得住诱惑,自私自利的欺骗行为发生的可能性也会更小。
Deceit judgment and deceit behavior have different psychological mechanisms. Understanding the relationship between them will enhance mutual trust and long-term interests of the team. Self-control refers to the ability of restraining unnecessary automatic behavior inclination to maintain or promote cooperation. Self-control is believed as the supervision mechanism of the internal natural impulse and the external cultural requirements. Self-control is an important motivation clue in the deceit recognition. However, the self-control plays the motivation clue role in the deceit recognition or the supervision mechanism role in implementing deceits, the cognition mechanism remains unclear yet. The influences of the self-control ability and self-control resources on the deceits are different, but the cognition mechanism of the impacts hasn＇t been revealed yet. In the present study, we adopted behavioral experiments to investigate the influence of self-control on deception from two views. In experiment 1, we used the material priming method to examine the impact of perceived others＇ self-control ability on deceit judgment. The results showed that compared with the ones who have high self-control ability, subjects tended to think the ones who have low self-control ability were inclined to have deception behavior and inclination for their own interest. In experiment 2, we used the video priming method to investigate the impact of perceived others＇ self-control resource exhaustion on deception judgment. And the results showed that when perceiving others＇ self-control resource exhausted, there were no significant main effects or interaction effect in deception inclination when evaluating others deceived for his own interests and other＇s interest, or in some given contexts. In experiment 3, we adopted the visual perception task to examine the influence of different levels of self-control ability on deceit behavior. The results showed that compared with the high self-control resource group, the low self-control resource group had more deception behavior and inclination. In experiment 4, we adopted the Stroop color task and the visual perception task to examine self-control resource＇s impact on deception behavior. The results showed that compared with the control group, the self-control resource exhaustion group had more deception behavior and inclination. These findings showed that when judging deception, people preferentially utilize others＇ self-control ability level to judge whether they have deception motivation or inclination. When implementing deception behavior, individuals who have high self-control ability can better restrain selfish motivation and consider long term interests. The individuals who have sufficient self-control resource are inclined to withstand the temptation.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期845-856,共12页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(31500883)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2014M561086)
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(13YJA190001)
湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2015JJ2101，2015JJ2097)
湖南省社会科学基金青年项目(15YBA264)
湖南省教育科学“十二五”规划课题(XJK0150XL002)
湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目(15B152)
关键词
自我控制能力
自我控制资源
自我控制失败
欺骗
self-control ability
self-control resource
self-control failure
deception
