摘要
从法律的视角看,赌博是当事人以客观不确定事件的发生作为财产转移唯一依据的约定。与保险转移或分散风险不同,赌博制造额外的风险。从社会经济效果看,自然人赌博会降低以边际效用为量度的社会福利;法人赌博,则可能会损害债权人利益,增大系统风险,产生巨大的经济崩溃或危机成本。规制赌博,应依据其类型采取不同策略。对于伴生赌博的市场交易,如证券、期货、金融衍生品等,虽应容忍其中的赌博因素,但对可能存在的赌博之负面影响应严加防范。对于与市场交易无关的赌博,如彩票、赌场和各类个人之间的赌博,法律原则上应予禁止,即便例外地允许,也应配套以有效限制赌博负面影响的制度。赌博的因素广泛存在于商事交易之中,揉入保险思考的"赌博—保险"框架可为统一解释现行法诸多制度提供新视角。
From the perspective of the law,gambling is an agreement between different parties which takes the occurrence of an uncertain event as the sole foundation for the transfer of property.Unlike insurance transfer or risk diversification,gambling produces extra risks.From the point of view of socio-economic effects,a natural person's gambling may decrease social welfare as measured by marginal utility,while a legal person's gambling may harm a creditor's rights and interests,increase systemic risk,and generate a massive economic collapse or costly crisis.The regulation of gambling should adopt different strategies in accordance with the different types of gambling.The gambling element in market transactions associated with gambling,such as securities,futures and financial derivatives,should be tolerated,but the possible negative effects of gambling should be strictly guarded against.Gambling unrelated to market transactions,including lotteries,casinos and all forms of gambling between individuals,should in principle be legally prohibited,but in exceptional cases where permission is granted,there should be a supporting system that effectively curtails the negative effects of gambling.The gambling element is widespread in commercial transactions,and the 'gambling/risk'framework rolled in with insurance considerations can provide a new angle on the unified interpretation of the various current legal systems.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期147-168,共22页
Social Sciences in China
基金
国家万人计划(青年拔尖人才支持计划)研究项目"法教义学与价值判断"的阶段性成果
