摘要
蜜蜂因所具有的独特特点而被广泛应用于众多科学研究领域，蜜蜂基因组测序的完成更加速了其作为模式生物的进程。实验室人工饲养蜜蜂幼虫技术体系的建立，是蜜蜂作为模式生物研究的基础和保证。目前，有关蜜蜂幼虫人工饲养的研究多见于西方蜜蜂，东方蜜蜂生活环境和营养需求与西方蜜蜂有所不同，实验室人工饲养东方蜜蜂幼虫的难度较大，不同实验室的研究结果存在着很大差异。对人工饲养幼虫培育出的东方蜜蜂成蜂形态特征的分析目前尚未见报道。本研究的开展，不仅可以建立东方蜜蜂幼虫的人工饲养技术体系，且对进行东方蜜蜂幼虫营养需要、生长发育、形态特征形成等方面的研究也具有重要意义。本文以中华蜜蜂（ap／~cert／．／l~ceyano~）1～2日龄幼虫为实验材料，在室内人工气候箱中用人工饲料进行饲养，直至化蛹羽化，对羽化后的蜜蜂进行体重及形态特征测定，并将其与自然羽化的蜜蜂进行比较分析。结果显示：在人工饲养条件下，中华蜜蜂幼虫可以正常发育、羽化为成蜂，其存活率和羽化率分别是55．56％和40．63％；主成分分析、区辨分析、聚类分析表明，人工饲养与自然羽化的工蜂形态特征无显著差异，但人工饲养的中蜂幼虫羽化后的工蜂体重显著低于自然羽化的工蜂。本文阐明了人工饲养中华蜜蜂幼虫的基本条件，为东方蜜蜂幼虫人工饲养技术体系的建立奠定了坚实基础。
Owing to the unique characteristics, honey bees are widely used in various scientific fields. The accom- plishment of honey bee genome sequence speeds up the process of honey bees becoming a model organism. Rearing honey bee larvae in the laboratory is a basis and a guarantee to make the honey bee become a model insect. Many stud- ies on bee larval rearing in the laboratory have been carried out in Apis mellifera while similar study in Apis cerana is more difficult than that in Apis mellifera and the rearing results various significantly among different laboratories as dif- ferent environment and nutrition exist in these two species. In addition, the analysis of morphological characteristics for adult honey bees reared in vitro has not been reported yet. Therefore, performing this kind of study will facilitate the establishing in vitro larval rearing technique for Apis cerana, in addition, it has important significance in probing larval nutrition requirement, growth, development and morphogenesis of Apis cerana. In the present study, 1 to 2-day-old larvae of Apis cerarta cerana were removed from worker cells in a comb and grafted to cell culture plates containing characterized for morphological features. The results indicated： 1. Under in vitro rearing conditions, the larvae of Apis cerana cerana could normally develop and emerge to adult bees, the larval survival and emergence rates were 55.56% and 40.63%, respectively. 2. Relative analysis （i.e. Principal Component Analysis, Discrlminant Analysis, Cluster Analysis） showed that there is no morphological difference between in vitro reared bees and the hive reared bees. However, the weight of newly-emerged worker reared in incubator was significantly lighter than that of in the hive. This thesis elucidates fundamental requirements for Apis cerana cerana larvae rearing in the laboratory, which lays a solid foundation for the establishing of in vitro larval rearing technique for Apis cerana.
出处
《中国蜂业》
2015年第2期18-23,共6页
Apiculture of China
基金
现代农业(蜜蜂)产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-45-kxj14)
关键词
中华蜜蜂
幼虫
人工饲养
形态特征
Apis cerana cerana
larvae
in vitro rearing
morphological characteristics
