摘要
研究从山西4个地区采集214群样本,按照国际蜜蜂研究者认可的蜜蜂形态测定指标对东方蜜蜂样本进行41个形态特征的系统测量和分析,利用SPSS10.0进行一系列因子分析、判别分析、聚类分析、变异分析以及与环境因子的相关分析。结果表明:山西东方蜜蜂形态特征呈现两个主因素,第一因素与经度和纬度呈显著正相关,与海拔呈极显著正相关,与年均气温呈显著负相关,与年均降雨量不呈相关关系;第二因素只与年均气温有显著正相关,与海拔、经度、纬度和年均降雨量没有明显相关关系,41项形态特征中有16项与环境因子以不同程度和不同形式相关。肘脉b、肘脉指数以及第三腹板蜡镜间距离在晋城、运城、长治和离石四地区间有显著差异,第一基跗节长、前翅长、前翅宽、第六腹板长、第六腹板宽、第三背板长、第四背板长、第四背板绒毛带宽度1、第四背板绒毛带宽度2、小盾片Sc区色度以及上唇色度在四地区间差异极显著。Q型层次聚类分析结果是山西四地区东方蜜蜂聚为三类,各地区间东方蜜蜂交叉聚类,晋城东方蜜蜂聚在同一类里,而长治、运城和离石东方蜜蜂却分散聚在三类里。山西东方蜜蜂与山东、河北、河南以及北京东方蜜蜂一同进行聚类分析发现山西东方蜜蜂与纬度相近的河南及山东几个地区东方蜜蜂遗传距离较近,而与北京房山以及河北兴隆遗传距离较远。为我国东方蜜蜂资源的研究提供科学的理论基础数据,并为开发和保护我国濒危的东方蜜蜂资源奠定坚实基础。
In this study,214 colony samples from Shanxi Provinces were collected.Through measurement and analysis of 41 morphological characters,which had been approved by international researchers,all the data were statisticly analysised through factor analysis,discriminant analysis,cluster analysis,and correlation analysis with geographical patameters by using SPSS 10.0.The results were as follows：there were two main factors in the morphometric characters of Shanxi A.cerna.Factor 1 had notable correlation with longitude and latitude,extremely notable correlation with altitude,notable negative correlation with longitude and latitude,axtremely notable correlation with altitude,notable negative correlation with temperature,no correlation with altitude,longitude,latitude and rainfull.16 morphometric characters had correlations with environment variables by different forms and degreees.There were notable differences among Jincheng,Yuncheng,Changzhi and Lishi areas in characters vein b,Ci and 3WD,extremely notable differences in ML,FL,FB,L6,T6,T3,4A,4B,Sc and PL1.The result dendrogram of cluster analysis suggested that Shanxi bees could be devided into three branches.The first branch encompassed A.cerana from Jincheng collecting locations.A.cerana from Changzhi,Yuncheng and Lishi collectiong locations were in the three different branches.It was also that found longer A.cerana from Shanxi had a shorter genetic distance with those from Shandong and Henan areas but a distance with those from Hebei-xingling and Beijing-fangshan according to the cluster analysis.This study has laid a solid foundation for developing and protection A.cerana resources and provided scientific reference data for research on Apis cerana of China.
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期411-417,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家自然科技资源平台建设项目(2004DKA30460-5)
关键词
东方蜜蜂
形态特征
遗传距离
形态类群
A.cerana
morphological character
genetic distance
morphocluster
