摘要
通过田间小区试验,研究了施肥对春玉米产量、养分吸收及肥料效益的影响。结果表明,优化施肥处理(OPT)显著增加了玉米产量和效益,提高了植株的氮、磷、钾吸收量。与不施肥处理(CK)相比,优化施肥处理(OPT)、不施氮肥(O-N)、不施磷肥(O-P)、不施钾肥(O-K)、农民习惯施肥处理(FP)的玉米增产率分别为46.10%、9.90%、34.87%、36.74%和36.98%,平均效益增量分别为2363、25、1511、1530和1584元/hm^2。OPT处理较FP处理的氮、磷、钾养分吸收量分别平均增加13.8、2.2和22.0kg/hm^2,玉米增产5.4%,增效779元/hm^2。OFT处理每形成100kg籽粒的养分吸收量为N 1.82kg、P_2O_50.67kg、K_2O 1.52kg,N:P_2O_5:K_2O为2.7:1.0:2.3;氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为41.84%、15.47%和4&85%;N、P_2O_5、K_2O对玉米产量的贡献率分别是23.86%、7.88%、8.54%;每千克N、P_2O_5、K_2O分别增产玉米14.74、12.75和11.04kg。在供试土壤上施用氮肥增产效果最好,其次是钾肥和磷肥。双城地区农民氮、钾肥用量偏低,磷肥用量过高;宾县地区氮肥用量过高,磷、钾肥用量偏低。
The yield, nutrient absorption efficiency and fertilizer utilization efficiency of spring maize under different fertilization treatments were studied with field plot experiments. The results showed that optimized production treatment （OPT） significantly increased maize yield and its associated economic profits as well as improved the plant＇s absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Compared to the no-fertilizer treatment （CK）, the optimized production treatment （OPT）, no-nitrogen fertilizer treatment （O-N）, no-phosphorus fertilizer treatment （O-P）, no-potassium fertilizer treatment （O-K） and farmer practice fertilization treatment （FP） increased maize yield by 46. 10%, 9. 90%, 34. 87%, 36. 74% and 36. 98% and economic benefits by 2 363 yuart/ha, 25 yuan/ha, 1 511 yuart/ha, 1 530 yuan/ha and 1 584 yuan/ha, respectively. Compared to the FP treatment, OPT on average increased maize＇s absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by 13.8 kg/ha, 2. 2 kg/ha and 22. 0 kg/ha, respectively, and increased maize yield by 5.4% and economic benefits by 779 yuan/ha. Under optimized production treatment, N, P2O5 and K20 uptake per 100 kg grain was 1.82 kg, 0. 67 kg and 1.52 kg, respectively; the ratio of N： P2O5： K20 was 2. 7： 1.0： 2. 3; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency was 41.84%, 15.47% and 48.85% ; contribution rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to maize yield was 23. 86%, 7. 88%, 8. 54%, respectively; maize yield was increased by 14. 74 kg, 12. 75 kg and 11.04 kg when 1 kg N, P2O5 and K2O was applied. Nitrogen had the greatest effect in increasing crop yield on tested soils, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Farmers in the Shuangcheng region applied more phosphorus fertilizer and less nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, while farmers in the Binxian region applied more nitrogen fertilizer and less phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第5期53-58,共6页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z10043)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303125-06)
IPNI资助项目(NMBF-Heilongjiang-2012)
关键词
优化施肥
春玉米
产量
养分吸收
肥料效益
optimized fertilization
spring maize
yield
nutrient absorption
fertilizer efficiency
