摘要
论文以商品粮基地县为研究单元,运用数理统计和GIS空间分析结合的方法,揭示东北商品粮基地县粮食总产的区域差异。研究结果表明:①粮食总产低于平均水平的商品粮基地县占多数,高于平均水平的基地数量仅占36.36%,但粮食产量占全部基地县粮食总产量的64.74%;②粮食生产基本上形成了以玉米、大豆、水稻为主的生产能力格局,粮食总产的区域差异小于分品种粮食作物内部的区域差异;③从省域尺度看,粮食总产高于平均水平的基地县84.6%分布在黑龙江和吉林两省,粮食生产布局的区域化、专业化趋势明显,大宗粮食作物进一步向产粮大县集中;④从区域尺度看,粮食总产的空间格局高低交错,集中在以松嫩平原中部黑土区、辽河平原和三江平原为重心的平原地区,有由中部平原地区向周边递减的趋势。回归分析表明,播种面积的区域差异是导致商品粮基地县粮食总产区域分异的主要原因,农业现代化水平对其具有重要影响。应加强商品粮基地建设,加大中低产田的改造力度,走以提高粮食单产来提高粮食综合生产能力的内涵式发展道路。
As one of the most important commodity grain base in China, l l0 commodity grain bases have been established in Northeast China since 1983,which is 13.2% of the total.In 2000, the percentage of population of the bases is 52.8% of the region＇s total population, and cultivated land is 77.86%,and sown area is 68.76%,but the percentage of grain yield is 81.5%.And those commodity grain bases can provide 300×10^8 kg to 350×10^8 kg of commodity grains each year, being about 33.3% of the total in China.In this article,taking the bases as an example,by the methods of statistics and spatial analysis of GIS,the characteristics of regional differentiation of grain yield are revealed：（1）Bases below average yield are in domination, which are about 63.64% in number, but is about 35.26% in grain yield; （2） disparities of grain yield among bases are less than varietal crops of each base,especially,regional difference of rice yield is greater than corn and soybean;（3） in provincial scale,bases above average yield are concentratedly distributed in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces,which shows obvious trend of specialization and regionalization of grain yield;and （4） in regional scale,grain yield concentrates in plain areas such as the black soil region of central Songnen Plain,Liaohe Plain and Sanjiang Plain,presenting a decreasing trend from middle plains to adjacent mountainous regions.Varying of sown areas are the primary factor resulting in regional differentiation of grain yield,but modernization of agriculture also has important effect on it.To intensify construction of commodity grain bases and optimiz spatial distribution is a tactic way to make Northeast China a grain security base of the country,which requires us to increase capital investment in reconstructing middle and low yield farmlands,to improve comprehensive capacity of grain production by increasing per unit area yield,and to accelerate specialization, regionalization and scalization of grain production.
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第6期925-931,共7页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目K(ZCX3-SW-340)
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目K(ZCX1-SW-19)
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2004CB41850-7)资助
关键词
商品粮基地
粮食总产
空间分异
东北地区
commodity grain base
grain yield
spatial differentiation
the Northeast China
