摘要
目的：探讨正常饮食下,低氧锻炼和常氧锻炼对超重和肥胖青年能量摄取、体成分和血脂代谢即时影响和后续效应的差异,为低氧在肥胖者运动处方中的应用提供参考依据。方法：20名超重和肥胖男性受试者（BMI〉25 kg/m2）被分为低氧锻炼组（n=10）和常氧锻炼组（n=8）。运动方案均为1小时/次、5次/周,持续4周,其中低氧组给予人工模拟常压低氧环境,海拔高度为2500米（氧浓度约为15.4%）,两组运动中的心率均控制在140-150次/分。所有受试者在锻炼结束后均进行4周的后续观察,期间受试者恢复至与锻炼前相同的生活方式。锻炼和后续观察期间均采取正常自由饮食。在锻炼前、锻炼后和锻炼结束后4周,采用24小时膳食回顾调查计算日均总热量及三大营养素的热量摄取;采用生物电阻抗技术测试体成分相关指标,包括体重、脂肪重量、体脂百分比和BMI;采用常规生化手段检测血脂代谢指标,包括总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。结果：（1）仅低氧锻炼组锻炼结束后4周的碳水化合物摄取较锻炼后显著增加,总热量摄取显著高于锻炼前和锻炼后水平;（2）两组体成分各项指标在锻炼结束后4周与锻炼前相比均显著下降。低氧锻炼组锻炼结束后4周的各项指标仍显著低于锻炼后水平,而常氧锻炼组中仅脂肪重量显著低于锻炼后水平;（3）与锻炼前比较,低氧组锻炼后血脂代谢各项指标均显著降低,常氧组仅TC和LDL-C显著降低;低氧组锻炼结束后4周的TC、HDL-C和LDL-C仍显著低于锻炼前水平,而常氧组仅LDL-C仍显著低于锻炼前水平;（4）低氧组锻炼结束后4周的体重、BMI和TC与锻炼后的变化差值均显著低于常氧组（P〈0.01,P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。结论：与常氧锻炼比较,低氧锻炼对超重和肥胖人群能量摄取、体成分和血脂代谢的即时影响较常氧锻炼并无明显优势,但针对锻炼后的体重反弹和血脂代谢紊乱方面可能具有更好的后续效应。
Objective To investigate the immediate and subsequent effects of hypoxic exercise and regular diet on the energy intake,body composition and lipid metabolism in overweight and obese subjects in order to provide evidence for prescription of weight reduction exercise. Methods 18 subjects（BMI 25 kg/m2）were divided into hypoxic exercise group（HG,n = 10）and normoxic exercise group（NG,n = 8）. Both groups underwent the same exercise,60 minutes per day,five days per week for a total of four weeks at the heart rate between 140 and 150 beats per minute. Group HG exercised in simulated hypoxic environment（FiO2= 15.4%）and group NG in normoxic environment. Daily total caloric intake,body weight（BW）,body fat mass（BF）,body fat percent（BF%）,BMI,and related total cholesterol（TC）,triglyceride（TG）,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）were determined before and during the intervention,and during 4-week follow-up after the intervention. Results（1）In group HG,daily energy intake from carbohydrate four weeks after intervention increased significantly compared to immediate after exercise,and the daily total energy intake was significantly higher than that before and after exercise.（2）All indicators of body composition decreased significantly immediate after exercise in group HG and 4 weeks after exercise in both groups,as compared to those before exercise. Only BF decreased significantly in group NG.（3）All indicators of lipid metabolism decreased significantly in group HG,as compared to that before and after exercise,while only TC and LDL-C decreased significantly in group NG. TC,HDL-C and LDL-C in group HG 4 weeks after exercise decreased significantly,and only LDL-C in group NG was significantly lower than that before exercise.（4）The changing in BW,BMI and TC 4 weeks after exercise in group HG were significantly lower than in group NG（P〈0.01,P〈0.01,P 〈0.05,respectively）. Conclusion Though the immediate effects of hypoxic exercise on energy intake,body composition and lipid metabolism in overweight and obese young men shows no significance differences from the normoxic exercise,but the subsequent effect of hypoxic exercise has obvious advantage in preventing reverse weight gain and lipid metabolism disorder after exercise.
出处
《中国运动医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第7期638-645,共8页
Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine
基金
2012年度国家体育总局重点研究领域攻关课题(2012B061)
关键词
低氧锻炼
体重
总胆固醇
能量摄取
hypoxic exercise
body weight
total cholesterol
energy intake
