摘要
研究长期不同施肥下黄壤性稻田稗草发生特征,明确稗草发生与长期不同施肥水稻产量和土壤性质变异的响应关系.基于农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站的一项连续23年不同施肥管理水稻试验,选取不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、磷钾肥(PK)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮钾肥(NK)、常量化肥(NPK)、1/4有机肥替代化肥(1/4MNP)、1/2有机肥替代化肥(1/2MNP)、单施有机肥(M)和常量有机肥化肥配施(MNPK) 10个处理,采用田间调查法调查各处理稗草发生密度、单株穗数、总穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和穗粒重等植物学参数;采用方差分析明确不同处理稗草发生差异,采用直线拟合、相关分析和通径分析明确杂草发生特征对水稻产量和土壤性质的响应.结果表明:长期不同施肥处理导致黄壤性稻田稗草发生特征显著变异,稗草的密度、单株穗数和总穗数均以MNPK处理最高,其次是1/4MNP处理.相较常量化肥处理,长期不施肥(CK)和不平衡施肥(N、PK、NK、NP)各处理稗草发生的密度显著降低,施用有机肥各处理(1/4MNP、1/2MNP、M、MNPK)稗草的单株穗数显著增加.稗草的发生密度和总穗数与水稻产量呈极显著的正相关性,拟合直线的决定系数分别为0.622和0.624.土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾与稗草发生参数之间存在显著至极显著的相关性;通径分析表明,土壤全氮含量对稗草单株穗数发生有直接正效应,全磷含量是影响稗草密度和总穗数的主要因素,速效钾含量对穗粒数和穗粒重影响最大.长期不同施肥导致黄壤性稻田稗草发生特征变异,施用有机肥提高了稗草的发生密度、单株穗数和总穗数.土壤全磷含量是黄壤性稻田稗草密度和总穗数发生变异的直接影响因素.
We studied the characteristics of Echinochloa and its response to variation of rice yield and soil properties under long-term fertilization in paddy field of yellow soil, based on a 23-year long-term fertilization experiment in Scientific Oberving and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment (Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture. The occurrence characteristics of Echinochloa (density, panicle number per plant, totle panicles, seed number per panicle, 1000-seed mass and seed mass per panicle) of ten treatments including CK, N, PK, NK, NP, NPK, 1/4MNP, 1/2MNP, M (manure), MNPK were examined. The results showed that the characteristics of Echinochloa significantly varied with long-term different fertilization. The highest density, panicle number per plant and total panicles of Echinochloa were attained in the MNPK treatment, followed by the 1/4MNP treatment. Compared with the NPK treatment, the density of Echinochloa was significantly decreased in no fertilizer treatment (CK) and unbalanced chemical fertilizer treatments (N, PK, NK, NP). The panicle number per plant significantly increased in organic fertilizer treatments (1/4MNP, 1/2MNP, M, MNPK). Both the density and total panicles of Echinochloa were positively correlated with rice yield. The occurrence characteristics of Echinochloa were positively correlated with soil organic matter, total N, total P, available N, available P and available K. Results from path analysis showed that soil total N had a direct positive effect on panicle number per plant and soil total P content was the main factor affecting the density and total panicles of Echinochloa. Soil available K content was the factor with strongest influence on seed number per panicle and seed mass per panicle. We concluded that the occurrence characteristics of Echinochloa varied with long-term different fertilization. The density, panicle number per plant and total panicles of Echinochloa could be increased with appling cow manure. Soil total P was the direct influencing factor for the variation of density and total panicle of Echinochloa in paddy field of yellow soil.
作者
黄兴成
李渝
叶照春
白怡婧
刘彦伶
张雅蓉
张文安
蒋太明
HUANG Xing-cheng;LI Yu;YE Zhao-chun;BAI Yi-jing;LIU Yan-ling;ZHANG Ya-rong;ZHANG Wen-an;JIANG Tai-ming(Institute of Soil and Fertili-zer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Scientific Oberving and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment (Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture,Guiyang 550006,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Tea,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期4029-4036,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860132)
贵州省科技平台及人才团队计划项目([2018]5604)
贵州省科技基础条件平台专项([2016]5704)
贵州省农业科学院科技创新专项([2017]06)和贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目([2018]14)资助~~
关键词
长期施肥
稗草
杂草种子
黄壤性稻田
土壤性质
long-term fertilization
Echinochloa
weed seed
yellow paddy field
soil properties
