摘要
根据质量守恒定律和有效物质 (能量、货币 )在系统内外部转化关系建立了社会 -经济 -自然复合生态系统有效物质(能量、货币 )平衡模型 ,定义了模型特征参数。将模型应用于 3个不同的研究领域 ,获得了相应研究领域的平衡模型 ,结果表明所建立的平衡模型具有通用性 ,它对于研究复合生态系统有效物质、能量和货币平衡具有重要的理论和实践意义。
A natural ecosystem under human activities, becomes a more complicated and open Social-Economic-Natural Complex Ecosystem (SENCE), It is quite different from the former in terms of structure, function and characteristic. The models for studying ecological process intend to be more complex and accurate,but it does not mean they are certainly practical models. Parameters of a practical model should be easy to obtain, capable of reflecting some key characters and estimating the developing trends of the system.This paper introduces the establishment process of Available Substances(energy and money)Balanced Model(ASBM,AEBM, AMBM), based on Mass Conversation Law (MCL) and the transform relationships of available substances in SENCE. Diagnostic Parameters (DPs) of the model. were defined and the applications of the model was discussed based on the requirements of research and practice,we have defined the conception of Available Substance. AS is a set of substances that can be used directly by some ecological processes or functions. We supposed that:a certain SENCE is the research system and there are some other systems(OSs)which exchange AS with the SENCE. Name the inner sub-system unAS existed as an UNAS System. There are four couples of variables in SENCE during any period of time to keep the balance of the system. Sources of AS in the SENCE are: at t n, the quantity of AS is W 1; during the time from t n to t n+m, the quantity of AS changed from unavailable substance in system is W 2; the quantity of AS transferred from OSs is W 3; the quantity of AS input by human activity is W 4. Fate of AS in SENCE : at t n+m, the quantity of AS is W 5; during the time from t n to t n+m, the quantity of AS changed to unavailable substance is W 6;the quantity of AS transferred to OSs is W 7;the quantity of AS output is W 8. Based on the transforming relationships of AS, a transfer matrix of sources and fate of AS in SENCE is gained. There is gained equation based on SCL,which is called ASBM in the SENCE. In the same way,we can get Available Energy Balanced Model (AEBM) and Available Money Balanced Model (AMBM). ASBM has established the relationships between sources and fate parameters of AS based on MCL,so as to provide a systematical research method for studying SENCE. But it is difficult to describe directly some change laws of AS in any system by using of the equation. Some changes must be made to find the key DPs for the description of the variations of AS in some systems. We have verified the validity of ASBM in comparison with that of the balanced crop water consumption on farm and the total P or N balanced model in water body. The results has shown that they are the same in structures and functions, and it is the evidence of the scientificity of the model establishment. Then, ASBM has been applied to the fertilization system. We have gained General Fertilization Model and Ecological Balanced Fertilization Models, which including Maximum, Economical and Ecological Balanced Models under Maximum, Economical and Ecological dosages. They are the original and innovative models that have overcome the academic shortcomings of the widely applied Fertilizer Effect Function Method and Soil Testing & Fertilizer Recommendation. GFM have dual functions of the latter. We have also discussed Available Energy Balanced Model in the global system. The conclusion is that the total available energy of the global system must be increasing with the human activities. The direct evidence is the globel air temperature increasing. The phenomenon of urban heat island is also an evidence of the scientificity of the available heat balanced model. We have finally analyzed Available Money Balanced Models within the enterprises. Which has proven that △W (1-5)+(2-6)+(3-7)/W 8 = 0 is the boundary between profit and non-profit and can be used as one of the overall evaluation indexes of management level and benefit for the enterprises.As we have discussed above, ASBM is a model of universal,quantitati
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第12期2147-2152,共6页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院"百人计划"项目
生态环境研究中心创新项目 ( RCEES 990 1 4 )资助
关键词
社会-经济-自然复合生态系统
有效物质(能量、货币)
平衡模型
特征参数
Social-Economic-Natural
Complex
Ecosystem (SENCE) Available substance(Energy、Money)balanced Model
Diagnostic Parameter (DPs)
