摘要
全球化不仅改变了世界的政治和经济格局 ,而且也改变了生物分布的格局 ,导致生物种群的重新分布 ,由此而产生的生物入侵已成了各国政府、国际社会和学术界所共同关心的问题。本文从上海市杂草植物区系的构成入手 ,揭示了该区植物入侵的特点、产生的原因以及将来的发展趋势 ,同时还从一般意义上探讨了入侵杂草和入侵生境的特征、植物入侵的环境和经济后果以及入侵生态学领域中重要的研究方向。
Plant invasions are unintended consequences of globalisation, which facilitates the transglobal movement of plant species across all geographical and physical boundaries with the vastly increasing movement of people and commercial goods. As an internationalised city that has various channels through which plants′ movements occur, Shanghai has been subject to a heavy invasion of plants. This paper firstly deals with some characteristics of plant invasions in Shanghai. It is concluded that: 1) alien plants play an important role in the flora of Shanghai, accounting for 57.4% of the total flora; 2) annual and biennial plants are the major components of Shanghai′s alien flora, representing 69.1%; 3) most alien plants belong to a relatively few families (e.g. Asteraceae and Poaceae); 4) monocotylous families tend to have a higher proportion of alien plants with respect to their world′s number of species than do dicotylous families; and 5) plant invasions will continue to sweep across literally every part of Shanghai as the consequence of its further urbanisation and increasing global trade (c.f. China′s entry into WTO by November 2001). These patterns of plant invasions reflect the role of humans as global plant dispersers and of human disturbance in plant invasions. In the rest of the paper, we briefly review other issues in the field of plant invasions, including attributes of invasive species, habitat invisibility, environmental and economic costs of plant invasions, and future research directions.
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
2001年第4期446-457,共12页
Biodiversity Science
基金
上海市科学技术委员会优秀学术带头人资助计划项目 (项目批准号 :99XD14 0 0 7)
国家自然科学基金资助项目 (项目批准号 :30 170 15 5 )
关键词
外来种
人类干扰
杂草
植物入侵
上海
alien species, disturbance, invasive weeds, plant invasions, Shanghai
