摘要
外来入侵植物对金沙江流域生物多样性和生态系统稳定性构成了较大威胁,但对其本底状况知之甚少.为掌握金沙江下游乌东德和白鹤滩电站库区外来入侵植物的组成特征和分布格局,进而为外来入侵植物的防治提供科学依据,基于83个调查点位上的757个群落样方调查数据进行研究.结果表明,库区共有外来入侵植物103种,隶属28科70属,并以菊科(24种)、豆科(15种)和茄科(10种)为主.区系组成上,科、属表现出较强烈的热带分布性质,并有63种外来入侵植物原产地为北美洲.引入途径分析结果显示,62种被有意引入,占比60.19%.从入侵等级来看,65种具有明显入侵性,包括19种恶性入侵种和26种严重入侵种.三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa Linnaeus)、白苞猩猩草(Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus)、赛葵[Malvastrum coromandelianum(L.)Gurcke]等10种入侵植物重要值较高,是优势入侵物种.在空间分布方面,乌东德电站库区外来入侵植物种类数(87种)多于白鹤滩电站(59种).库区海拔800-1200 m范围内入侵植物种类数最多,并随高度上升呈现下降的趋势.库区11类生境类型中都有外来入侵植物分布,其中59.28%分布于道路旁、撂荒地、村落、沟渠等人为干扰频繁的生境类型中.综上所述,两电站库区外来入侵植物呈现种类数量较多、分布生境较广的特征,应加强长期监测和制定相应防控策略.
Alien invasive plants(AIPs)pose a great threat to biodiversity and ecosystem stability in the Jinsha River Basin,but little is known about their background status.The purpose of this study was to understand the composition characteristics and distribution patterns of AIPs in the reservoir areas of the Wudongde and Baihetan Hydropower Stations on the lower main stream of the Jinsha River and to provide a scientific basis for the control of AIPs.The study was conducted across 757 community plots at 83 surveyed sites.There were 103 AIP species belonging to 70 genera in 28 families,mainly composed of Asteraceae(24 species),Fabaceae(15 species),and Solanaceae(10 species).In terms of floristic composition,both the families and genera of AIPs showed apparent tropical distribution properties and 63 AIP species originated from North America.A total of 62 species(60.19%)were intentionally introduced.Regarding the invasion grade,65 species were obviously invasive,including 19 malignantly invasive and 26 seriously invasive species.Ten AIP species,including the valuable Bidens pilosa Linnaeus,Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus,and Malvastrum coromandelianum(Linnaeus)Gurcke,were the dominant invasive species.In terms of spatial patterns,the number of AIP species at the Wudongde Hydropower Station(87 species)was higher than that at the Baihetan Hydropower Station(59 species).The number of AIPs at an altitude range of 800-1200 m in the reservoir areas was the largest and showed a decreasing trend with increasing altitude.The AIPs were found in 11 habitat types in the reservoir areas,59.28%of which were distributed among habitat types with frequent human disturbance,including roadsides,abandoned lands,villages,and ditches.In conclusion,the AIPs in the reservoir areas of the two power stations were characterized by a large variety of species and a wide range of habitat types;therefore,long-term monitoring and corresponding prevention and control strategies should be strengthened.
作者
邓鑫欣
于江
熊浩荣
伍小刚
张月华
张培春
何秀林
潘开文
张林
DENG Xinxin;YU Jiang;XIONG Haorong;WU Xiaogang;ZHANG Yuehua;ZHANG Peichun;HE Xiulin;PAN Kaiwen;ZHANG Lin(China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation,Beijing 101100,China;Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1305-1321,共17页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
中国三峡(建工)集团有限公司科研项目(JG-EP-030222001,JG-EP-030222002)资助
关键词
外来入侵植物
组成特征
分布格局
金沙江
库区
alien invasive plant
composition characteristic
distribution pattern
Jinsha River
reservoir area
