摘要
本文深入分析了技术选择与人力资本之间的相互作用关系,发现:一方面,技术选择决定了人力资本积累的路径和水平,而且技术进步能够诱发和引导人力资本投资行为;另一方面,人力资本水平决定了选择技术的适宜水平,以及"干中学"产生新知识、新技术的效应。而且,人力资本的供给决定了技术进步的类型和途径。基于此,本文构建了技术选择与人力资本相互作用的机理模型和动态适配模型,并指出二者间存在动态适配关系和多重适配均衡。最后,据此提出了相应政策建议。
Technology is playing a crucial role in helping countries and enterprises achieving competitive advantages and core competencies. In open economy, relatively backward countries and firms can rely on assimilation and imitation of advanced technology to achieve technological development. It is one of important factors to affect the effect of spillovers whether the technology introduced is appropriate to be absorbed, applied and integrated into the inherent technology system. Human is that who absorbs, applies, improves and innovates technologies, so the level of human capital has great influence on technological selection. Thus the fit between exogenous technology selected and human capital is the focus of this paper. Firstly, the relationship of the interaction between technological selection and human capital is examined. On the one hand, we found that technological selection can determine the path and level for human capital to accumulate, while technological change can induce more investments of human capital and affect the approaches of human capital investment. On the other hand, it is the fact that the level of appropriate technology and the effects of ＂learning by doing＂ to generate new information and technologies is depending on the level of human capital. Furthermore, the supply of human capital can determine the types and approaches of technological change. Moreover, technological progress has negative effect in human capital accumulation that is technological change may hinder the promotion of the level of human capital. So has the level of human capital to technological progress. Secondly, the model of the mechanism of the interaction between technological selection and human capital has been proposed to highlight the fit between them. The fit means that technology selected must match the level of human capital to maximize the margin productivity of their combination. Otherwise technology introduced can not be absorbed and applied, while human capital can not be fully exploited even to be depreciated. Thirdly, another model reflecting the existing of a dynamic fit between technology selected and the level of human capital was specified. It posts that technology selected and the level of human capital can promote and boost up each other by the interactions to form a virtuous cycle, so they need dynamically fit each other not only at static point but also during the development process. It must be allowed for in practice. Two things to note, the fit between technology and human capital must be considered from a dynamic perspective, that is, an appropriate fit gap can be held to reserve the space for their respectively promotion. For example, more advanced technology can be applied which maybe is not appropriate to the existing level of human capital, as long as the fit gap is appropriate, because it will be made up for by interactions between them. Other measures helpful in upgrading technology and promoting human capital accumulation should be applied such as introducing human capital to achieve the fit of high level between. Fourthly, the dynamical fit may lead for two equilibriums. One is that technology of low level fits low-level technology referred to as ＂Two Low＂ equilibrium. The other is at high level called by ＂Two High＂ equilibrium. Though ＂Two Low＂ equilibrium can make full use of technology and human capital of low level to maximize the margin productivity of their combination, it is not contributed to becoming dynamic comparative advantages in a long term. Thus, in practice, appropriate methods should be applied to upgrade the level of technology and human capital so as to induct the ＂Two Low＂ equilibrium to ＂Two High＂. At last, three recommendations are brought forward. The first is that the appropriate technology should be selected according to the level of human capital which is conducive to the absorption and application of the technoiogy selected. It will speed the rate of technological transfer and make full use of existing resources. The second is that the level of human capital should be promoted by a variety of methods so as to match more advanced technology. And that the virtuous cycle between technological selection and human capital may be relied to culture technological innovation capacity is the last suggestion.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第7期1-11,共11页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
关键词
技术选择
人力资本
适配
technological selection
human capital
fit
