摘要
以江河、湖泊与湿地等形式存在的陆地水体对气候变化和人类生产生活有着重要影响,准确掌握陆地水体参数的变化对全面理解地球水循环及有效管理水资源等具有重大意义,卫星遥感技术的迅速发展为陆地水体的动态监测带来广阔前景。围绕陆地水体的重要物理参数,回顾了基于卫星遥感来提取水域面积的光学遥感法、雷达遥感法和水域面积—水位关系法,获取水位的高度计法和遥感影像法,反演水深的统计相关法和神经网络法,估算蓄水量的水域面积—水位法和GRACE卫星法,以及估算径流量的经验关系法和曼宁公式法等。以反演精度为重点,总结分析了现有水体参数遥感反演方法的优缺点。针对目前存在的卫星分辨率、观测同步性和下垫面复杂性等问题,指出新一代卫星(如ICEsat-2,SWOT)以及多卫星联合反演方法将显著地提升人们监测陆地水体时空动态变化的能力。
Terrestrial water,in forms of rivers,lakes and wetlands,is essential to life on the Earth.Accurate monitoring of its spatial and temporal dynamics is important towards comprehensive understanding of global water cycle and effective management of water resources.Remote sensing offers great potential to measure terrestrial water from space in a broad scale.This paper provides a survey of approaches to retrieve the physical parameters of terrestrial water.Water surface area can be delineated from the optics-,the radar-,or the area-stage relationship-based approaches.Water stage can be retrieved from the satellite altimetry or the imagery approaches.Water depth is retrievable from the statistics-or the artificial neural networks（ANN）-based approaches.Water storage can be estimated with the area,stage and digital elevation model（DEM） data,or the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment＇（GRACE）-based approaches.River discharge can be estimated from the empirical relationship between discharge and a hydraulic variable,or estimated based on the Manning equation. With attention to retrieval accuracy,the paper addresses the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches.There remain challenging issues in satellite resolution,simultaneous observation,and surface complexity.New generation satellites,such as the Ice,Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite（ICEsat）-2 and the Surface Water Ocean Topography（SWOT）,and multi-satellite-combined retrieval approaches will greatly improve our ability in monitoring spatio-temporal dynamics of terrestrial water.
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第7期731-740,共10页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目"鄱阳湖流域气候-水文-物质输移过程与湖泊水安全研究"(编号:KZCX2-YW-337)资助
关键词
陆地水体
水域面积
水位
水深
蓄水量
径流量
遥感
Terrestrial water
Water surface area
Water stage
Water depth
Water storage
Discharge
Remote sensing.
