摘要
本文根据国际水生资源管理中心网站的东海区生物资源数据和历史资料数据,利用Ecopath模型对东海区生物资源能量流动规律进行了初步研究。东海生态系统存在4个营养级,第一营养级是碎屑和浮游植物;第二营养级是一些草食性的动物;第三营养级为第一级肉食动物;第四营养级为第二级肉食动物,并且大多为杂食性鱼类。东海区生态系统分为32个功能组。东海区Ecopath模型基本参数主要有:生物量(B)、生产量与生物量的比值(P/B)、消耗量与生物量的比值(Q/B)和生态转移效率(EE)。Ecopath模型分析结果显示,总捕获为5.761t(/km2·a)、总消耗量为2621.630t/(km2·a)、总输出为106.339t/(km2·a)、流向碎屑总量为1303.487t(/km2·a),总生物量(不包含碎屑)为73.478t/km2,系统总流量为5393t(/km2·a),数据表明东海区的营养水平、生产力水平和饵料生物水平都处于一个良好的状态;初级生产力与呼吸量的比值为0.825,说明东海区生物资源栖息环境质量处于较好的水平;生态系统连接指数和系统杂合度分别为0.172和0.199,表明东海区生态系统不同营养级之间的捕食活动复杂性还比较低;捕获平均营养级为3.1,较往年有所降低,说明东海区的生物资源处于退化状态。
Based on biological resources data published and relevant data from the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management （ICLARM, currently it is the WorldFish Center） in the East China Sea, in the present study, the authors investigated biological resources energy flows in the East China Sea （ECS） by virtue of the Ecopath model. Thousands of plants and animals have been reported in the East China Sea, including plankton, invertebrates, fish, marine mammals and seabirds. Nutrient salt, primary productive forces and fish food biology levels over the ECS area jointly favor an excellent perched for marine lives, leading living resources in the ECS to be relatively rich. In general, the ecosystem in the ECS shows four nutrition levels. Detritus and phytoplankton are at the first nutrition level. The second nutrition level includes some phytophagy animals. The third one is the first level of carnivorous animals while the fourth nutrition level is the second level of carnivorous animals and primarily the omnivorous habit fish. To circumvent describing all species in the ECS, in the study most of species were reasonably grouped in terms of size, habitat, feeding preferences, and/or taxonomic similarities. Well-studied commercial species were generally represented in a single species category. Consequently, the Ecopath model was composed of 32 functional groups. The Ecopath model for the ECS basically constitutes four key variables： biomass （B）, the ratio of production to biomass （P/B）, the ratio of consumption to biomass （Q/B） and ecotrophic efficiency （EE）. The Ecopath model requires a range of data sources as inputs from each functional group, in which production is equal to the prey and natural death as well as reproduction, to assess inflows and outflows of biological resource energy in an ecosystem. Results from the Ecopath model built for the ECS indicated a total catch of 5.761 t/（km^2·a）, a total consumption of 2621.630 t/km^2/a, a total output of 106.339 t/（km^2·a）, a total detritus import of 1303.487 t/（km^2·a）, a total biomass （no detritus） of 73.478 t/（km^2·a）, and a total system throughput of 5393 t/（km^2·a）, respectively. These results indicated that the nutrition, productivity and prey biology in the East China Sea are in a good condition. The ratio of primary productive forces to the respiratory was found to be 0.825, showing a good habitat for biological resources in the ECS. The ecosystem connection index and complexity of 0.172 and 0.199, respectively, indicated a low prey action complexity of different nutrition levels in the ECS. The mean trophic level of the catch was estimated to be 3.1, lower than previous years, indicating the ecosystem in the ECS is at a degrading stage.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期600-605,共6页
Resources Science
基金
科技部对欧盟科技合作重点项目(编号:0710)
上海市教育委员会科研创新重点项目(编号:08ZZ81)
上海市科委重点项目(编号:08230510700)
关键词
生物资源
能量流动
东海区
Ecopath
Biological resources
the East China Sea
Energy flow
