摘要
目的分析广西壮族自治区流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行病学特征,为预防控制流脑提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法。结果广西壮族自治区1996～2007年共报告流脑419例,年平均发病率0.07/10万;病死68例,年平均病死率为16.23%;地区分布高度分散;1～4月为发病高峰;0～9岁发病率高,近年有向10～19岁移动的倾向;男性发病多于女性;以农民、学生和散居儿童为多;偶有爆发疫情,在全国首次发生C群流脑爆发。病例菌株以A群为主(61.53%),其次为C群(15.38%)和B群(7.69%),呈多样化态势。A群菌株对复方新诺明100%耐药,C群和B群菌株对磺胺100%耐药。健康人群咽拭子带菌率1.28%;血清A群和C群抗体阳性率分别为29.95%和21.72%,抗体平均值分别为4.57μg/ml和1.70μg/ml。结论广西壮族自治区近年流脑有发病率低、病死率高、病例高度分散、菌群分布多样化、发病年龄高移等特点。实施以接种疫苗为主的综合性措施是预防控制流脑的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis and provide evidences for disease control. Method The method of descriptive epidemiology has been used to analyze the data collected. Results A total of 419 cases were reported with meningococcal meningitis between 1996--2007, annual incidence rate was 0.07/100,000.68 cases were dead and mortatity was 16.23%. Highly sporadic distribution by areas was observed in the cases reported. And the incidence peak was between January and April. The aged was mainly at 0 ～ 9 years There was trace that the incidence move to aged at 10～19 years old in recent years. The incidence rate was higher in male than that in female. And it was mainly attacked in peasants, students and children left-behined at home. Outbreaks had occasionally occurred in Guangxi. The first outbreak caused by Neisseria meningitidis group C in China was reported. The strains isolated mainly were with Neisseria meningitidis group A, which accounting for 61. 53% of the strains,followed by group C（15.38%）and Group B（7.69%）. Group A was found to be 100% resistant to SMZ-TMP,and both group C and B were 100% resistant to sulfanilamide. 1.28% the prevalence of carrier was confirmed by the throat swabs. The positive rate of titer to group A and C were 29.95% and 21.72% respectively,and the mean titers were 4.57μg/ml and 1.70μg/ml respectively. Conclusions The characteristics of Meningococcal meningitis are summarized as low incidence, high mortabity, highly sporadic distribution, grouping diversity and increasing incidence in older population. Comprehensive measures with the priority of vaccination is the key measure for meningococcal meningitis control.
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
CAS
2009年第1期58-60,共3页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
流行性脑脊髓膜炎
流行病学特征
Meningococcal meningitis
Epidemiology characteristics
