摘要
目的:观察有氧运动对不同衰老程度老年男性生物学年龄的影响。方法:于2002-09/12选择上海市杨浦区退休老年男性13名,年龄59～76岁,平均(64±5)岁,近期无系统健身运动经历。13名老年男性采用功率自行车进行14周递增负荷有氧运动。以最大心率的75%所对应的运动负荷为训练强度;在第4,8周末重新确定运动强度,第5～8周、9～14周以新负荷作为健身运动负荷。每周3次,起始2周每次持续20min,以后每隔2周每次增加5min。采用刘继武等推荐的生物学年龄成套测试方法测定生物学年龄。运动前和运动后测定生物学年龄以及身体形态、心血管、肺功能等生理指标。并根据生物学年龄与实际年龄的差距,分成提前衰老组(生物学年龄大于实际年龄)和延缓衰老组(生物学年龄小于实际年龄)进行对照分析。结果:①老年男性运动前生物学年龄大于实际年龄,差异无显著性意义(P=0.56),有氧运动后生物学年龄小于实际年龄,差异无显著性意义(P=0.066),有氧运动后生物学年龄小于运动前,差异有非常显著性意义[分别为(65.13±6.33),(67.15±7.13)岁,P<0.01]。②根据生物学年龄与实际年龄的差距,将老年男性分成提前衰老组7名和延缓衰老组6名。提前衰老组老年男性有氧运动前生物学年龄大于实际年龄,递增负荷有氧运动后生物学年龄接近实际年龄,低于运动前,差异有非常显著性意义[分别为(69.00±6.73),(71.90±7.55)岁,P<0.01]。延缓衰老组有氧运动前生物学年龄小于实际年龄,有氧运动后生物学年龄进一步减少,低于运动前,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③提前衰老组老年男性有氧运动后腰围低于运动前,腰臀比高于运动前,差异有显著性意义[分别为(94.20±5.14),(99.58±6.48)cm;(0.95±0.03),(0.92±0.04)cm,P<0.05]。延缓衰老组老年男性上臂皮褶厚度低于运动前,差异有显著性意义[分别为(11.00±2.17),(14.42±2.33)mm,P<0.05]。其他身体形态指标变化差异无显著性意义。生理功能指标变化较明显,最大摄氧量、闭眼单脚站立时间均高于运动前,差异有显著性意义[分别为(36.08±5.40),(30.08±2.21)mL/(kg·min);(28.17±20.51),(12.4±14.78)s,P<0.05]。④两组老年男性有氧运动后心血管和肺功能指标中收缩压、舒张压均有下降,肺活量增加。其中延缓衰老组老年男性肺活量高于运动前,差异有显著性意义[分别为(3.98±0.69),(3.61±0.71)L,P<0.05]。结论:有氧运动对不同衰老程度老年男性生物学年龄、身体形态和生理功能均可产生良性影响,达到延缓衰老目的。
AIM： To investigate the influence of aerobic exercise on biological age of older men in different aging levels.
METHODS： Thirteen retired men from Yangpu District of Shanghai were enrolled in this study from September to December 2002. Mean age was （64±5） years （ranged from 59-76 years）, who had no experience of regular exercise in recent period. Thirteen older men ware taken the aerobic exercise program for 14 weeks with gradually increasing workload by using the cycle ergometer. The training intensity was targeted at around 75% of the subjects＇ maximum heart rate （75% HRmax）, the training workload of physical work capacity was reconfirmed on the end of the fourth week and eighth week after exercise. The fresh workload was taken during the fifth to eighth week and the ninth to fourteenth week in the program. Training exercise was performed as three times per week, maintained for twenty minutes every time in the initial two week, added another five minutes every other two week. Biological age was determined by the method introduced by Liu et al. Biological age, body morphology, cardiovascular and pulmonary function and other indexes of physiological function ware determined before and after exercise training. Meanwhile,they were divided into advanced aging group （biological age was bigger than real age） and delayed aging group （biological age was less than real age） based on the distance between biological age and real age, to be compared and analyzed.
RESULTS： ①Biological age in older men before aerobic exercise was higher than real age, and there were no significant differences （P =0.56）, but biological age after aerobic exercise was less than real age, and there were no significant differences （P =0.066）, and less than the biological age before exercise, and there were significant differences [（65.13± 6.33）, （67.15±7.13） years,P 〈 0.01]. ②Aging males were divided into advanced aging group （n =7） and delayed aging group （n =6） based on the distance between biological age and real age. Biological age of older men in advanced aging group before aerobic exercise was bigger than real age, but the biological age after exercise was closed to real age and less than the biological age before exercise, and there were significant differences [（69.00±6.73）, （71.90±7.55） years,P 〈 0.01]. Biological age of older men in delayed aging group before aerobic exercise was less than real age, and further reduced after exercise and lower than before exercise, and there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. ③In advanced aging group, waist circumference of older men after aerobic exercise was lower than that before exercise. Waist-hip ratio was higher than that before exercise. There were significantly differences [（94.20±5.14）, （99.58±6.48）cm; （0.95±0.03）, （0.92±0.04）cm ,P 〈 0.05]. In delayed aging group, skin fold of upper arm after exercise was lower than that before exercise, and there ware significant differences [（ 11.00±2.17）, （14.42±2.33） mm, P 〈 0.05]. Other indexes about body morphology had no significant differences. The alteration of indexes about physiological function was more evident in delayed aging group. Maximum oxygen uptake and time of one-leg standing with eye-closed were higher than those before exercise, and there were significant differences [（36.08±5.40）, （30.08±2.21）mL/（kg ·min） ; （28.17±20.51）, （12.4±14.78）s,P〈 0.05]. ④In both two groups, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were decreased and pulmonary capacity was increased in the indexes about cardiovascular and pulmonary function. Pulmonary capacity after exercise in delayed aging group was significantly higher than that before exercise, and there were significant differences [（3.98±0.69）, （3.61±0.71） L,P 〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： Aerobic exercise is benefit for biological age, body morphology and physiological function of older men in different aging levels and can delay their aging course.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第39期7739-7742,共4页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
基金
上海市自然科学基金资助项目(00ZB14055)~~
