摘要
宋代士人的籍贯观念反映了他们的地域认同观念。宋代士人的籍贯观念分为官方户籍登记形成的户籍观念、家族长期定居形成的祖居地观念以及郡望观念三个层次。户籍观念尚未完全形成,以祖居地意识为主,郡望观念仍有残留,是宋代士人籍贯观念的典型特征。
Song Dynasty scholars＇ concept of jiguan contains three parts of contents：（1） household register （huji in Chinese）; （2） ancestral home （zuju or zujudi） ; and （3） family or clan that is influential and powerful in its prefecture / particular area （junwang）.
The imperial civil examinations and the selection of civil officials under the Song Dynasty were conducted in the places where candidates＇ households were registered （huji）. Owing to the failure of the Song government to check residence cards on a regular basis and many ways to obtain huji legally, huji couldn＇t reflect the scholars＇ actual domiciles. Many of them legally acquired the qualification as imperial examination candidates in the nation＇s capital through buying land there. Quite a few officials did not return to their native home after retirement, nor would their bodies be brought back home for burial after their death. Meanwhile, their family members who settled in the new domicile didn＇ t change their huji at all. Also, the relatively lax management in household registration prevented the scholars from forming the huji consciousness and the identification of domicile of origin.
The frequent change of scholars＇ huji failed to actually reflect their sense of belonging, and therefore their concept of ancestral home （zujudi） constitutes a very important part of jiguan. The ancestral home consciousness is related to the patriarchal clan system of the Song Dynasty, which is characterized by the small clan genealogy consisting of only four generations with the same great-great-grandfather. It thus needs three generations to form the scholars＇ ancestral home consciousness. Normally, as there were clan members settling in their ancestral home, the clan＇s tombs were arranged in the same place unlike huji, which was likely to change.
The junwang that came into being in the 5th century indicated the dominating political power of a family or clan in a particular area. The junwang concept, still retained in Song scholars＇ localism, was but embodied in their rank of nobility and correspondence. It continued to reflect the dominating political power of some families or clans in certain areas, despite non-availability of such a concept in the Tang Dynasty that reflected the distribution of political power or forces in new areas.
The Song scholars＇ concept of jiguan, which features the combined consciousness of huji, zujudi and junwang, is both a reflection of the then State political power or forces, local power or influence and aristocratic consciousness in their local or regional identification, and that of their localism during the transition from an aristocratic society to a civilian society under the Song Dynasty.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2007年第1期36-46,共11页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
籍贯观念
地域认同
唐宋转型
the concept of jiguan
identification of local consciousness
the Tang-Song transition
