摘要
中国烧结NdFeB磁体产业近年来突飞猛进,2000年产量已超过日本位列全球首位。虽然产品质量有了很大提高,但就整体水平而言还是处于中低挡。生产工艺、技术装备的落后使中国烧结NdFeB磁体磁性能上与高牌号要求还有差距,特别是在性能一致性方面远达不到用户要求,致使中国磁体进不了诸如VCM、MRI和电机等高端应用领域,大部分企业只能挤在有限的中低档市场靠降价恶性竞争。为改变这样的局面,少数厂家高价引进国外先进设备,产品质量是提升了,但产品成本却因之显著增高,结果产品的性价比无法适应市场需求,因此国内多数厂家仍在观望与等待,如何走有自己特色的硬件改造之路,是摆在中国稀土磁体厂家面前的现实问题。目前针对NdFeB磁体的特点,根据相关技术需求,中国已开发出一整套有自己特色的生产设备,能有效生产高档磁体。它们包括:(速凝)片铸合金(SC)的制备、氢化制粉(HD)技术及设备、改进的流化床气流磨(JM)、可变换极向的强脉冲磁场取向设备、磁场等静压机(CIP)、磁场橡皮模压机(RIP)、磁场取向湿压成形设备、NdFeB专用多室烧结炉、测量高矫顽力磁体完整磁滞回线的脉冲磁强仪(PFM)以及适合NdFeB磁体的达克罗涂层技术、设备。本文是系列文章的第一篇,重点介绍磁性合金制备新工艺——速凝片铸工艺及相应的生产制备。此项新工艺能有效消除NdFeB铸造合金内普遍存在的α-Fe,从而极大提升合金的质量,促进高性能磁体的制备。文中指出SC工艺能有效消除NdFeB铸造合金内普遍存在的α-Fe的冶金学原理,希望借此引起广大磁体厂家对工艺技术原理及硬件设备改造的重视。
NdFeB magnet industry in China has been much improved in recent years. Its output has exceeded that of Japan since 2000. But there is still a big gap between sintered NdFeB magnets made by China and that made by developed countries. The gap is not only due to magnetic performance, but especially the inconsistency of products, Due to such reason NdFeB magnets made in China are hardly entered into major market, such as VCM, MRI and motor uses. Most Chinese magnet makers are crowed in the limited market of middle and low grade magnets, to compete with each other by lowering price! Some companies imported advanced equipment for magnet producing line, the quality of products is improved, but the cost is increased as well. The priceperformance ratio of product is increased to a level that the market could not accept. So most Chinese magnet producers are still watching and waiting. Where is the right way, follow which should they go？ Now some advanced equipment for making high grade magnets has been developed by Chinese researchers and engineers. Present paper is the first one of series papers introducing the achievements in this field, which concerning strip casting （SC）, hydrogen decrepitation （HD）, improved jet milling （JM）, polar re-changeable pulse magnetizer, isostatistic press under magnetic field （CIP）, rubber mold isostatistic press （RIP）, multi-chamber sintering furnace, pulse magnetometer with high pulse magnetic field （PFM）, etc. New technology of preparing master alloy-strip casting will be introduced in present paper, α-Fe presented in casing alloy is effectively eliminated by such process based on rapidly solidification.
出处
《磁性材料及器件》
CAS
CSCD
2006年第5期1-5,10,共6页
Journal of Magnetic Materials and Devices
