摘要
随着旅游业发展,越来越多的溶洞旅游资源在我国被开发,其中的碳酸钙沉积景观是主要的旅游吸引物之一,由于其形成环境比较封闭,随着开放时间的推移,都不同程度出现了风化、破损现象,因此溶洞景区一般被视为生命周期较短。为了实现旅游资源的可持续发展,在溶洞旅游资源开发的过程中体现“在保护中开发,在开发中保护”的理念,本文从碳酸钙沉积景观形成的水文地球化学过程入手,通过分析洞穴水溶液中CO2溶解度影响因子,即水溶液温度和水溶液与洞穴环境之间的CO2分压差(ΔPCO2),从旅游活动的影响角度,对游客的热源与CO2源效应进行分析,提出了基于游客影响和景观形成过程研究的措施,即采用分流游客和水文地球化学实验方法进行景观保育以及科学的开发管理作为旅游溶洞碳酸钙沉积景观保护的有效措施。
With the rapid development of the speleo-tourism in China more and more natural caves are open to tourists. As the most important tourism attractions, speleothems has been weathered and damaged because of the change in environment. In order to make the sustainable development theory into practice and protect the speleothems in the show caves it is urgent to search the factors influencing the environmental changes and stability. This paper analyzed the hydro-geochemical process of the speleothems＇ formation and drew a conclusion that the CO2 solubility is the key element for their deposition that is determined by the temperature of the solution and the difference of CO2 （ APCO2 ） between solution and cave air. The tourists result in temperature increasing and CO2 content change in a show cave. When the temperature in the cave is at a level higher it will benefit for the calcium carbonate precipitate and when the CO2 content in the environment raising it will be prevented. This paper puts forward protective policies in three ways： 1 ） Dividing the tourists into groups. The experiment done by the author in Bailong cave proved that dividing the tourists into groups would make the environment recovered more quickly; 2） The man-made speleothems recovery will give a new method to preserve the attractions and we can adopt natural and artificial ways. The successful artificial way has been adopted in Yaolin cave, which was equipped with a container full of calcium hydroxide （limewater） with the proper concentration on the top of the speleothems. But this method will not be mastered easily by the workers and also pollute the cave environments. The natural way is to protect the plants on the hill near the caves. It will provide more valid icons such as [ Ca^2＋ ] and [ HCO3 ^- ]. And this way is adopted in Bailong cave in Yunnan Province and the experimental results is feasible; 3） Scientific management is also the effective ways for the speleotems and the whole park sustainable development. It includes adopting advanced technology to show the gentle speleothem views instead of tourists＇ entering and other feasible methods during planning and administrating on a cave.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第5期140-144,共5页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金:西南喀斯特生态系统演化与土壤生物区系响应课题研究(编号:90902017)
