摘要
目的:以人格问卷评估出的3个类型大学新生心理健康程度与父母养育方式及人格特征的关系。方法:于2004-09/10以某综合性大学11个班级的新生共340人为调查对象。①采用大学生人格问卷评估大学新生的心理健康状况,问卷由3部分构成,根据每一部分得分及回答情况将大学新生分为3类,第1类学生可能存在严重心理问题,第2类学生可能有某种心理问题,第3类学生可能暂时没有心理问题。②使用父母养育方式评价量表评定不同类型父母的养育方式,包括6个父亲因子(58条目)和5个母亲因子(57条目),采用4级评分制。③应用艾森克个性(成人)问卷评定新生的人格特征,包含4个分量表共88个条目,测量人格的4个维度,每一维度分数越高,分别说明此项人格特征越明显。④采用以班为单位的团体指导,统一填表方式进行,所有问卷当场回收,全部调查在两周内完成,主要对不同类型大学生的父母养育方式和人格特征进行比较,多重比较采用单因素多组秩检验,两两比较进行两组间的非参数检验。结果:共发放调查问卷340份,回收完整规范问卷327份,回收率96.2%。①大学生人格问卷测查结果:1类学生46人(14.1%);2类学生91(27.8%),3类学生190人(58.1%)。②不同类型学生父母养育方式评价量表,艾森克个性(成人)问卷的多重比较:在第1、2、3类学生中,父母养育方式评价量表的父亲情感温暖与理解关,父亲惩罚、严厉,父亲拒绝与否认,父亲过度保护,母亲情感温暖与理解关心,母亲过度干涉、保护的多重比较有显著性差异,艾森克个性(成人)问卷中的神经质或情绪性维度及内外向维度有显著性差异。③在多重比较中差异有显著性因子的两两比较:在第1和第2类学生的比较中,母亲情感温暖与理解关心,母亲过度干涉、保护及神经质或情绪性维度差异有显著性;在第2和第3类学生的比较中,父亲惩罚、严厉、父亲拒绝与否认、母亲过度干涉及神经质或情绪性维度差异有显著性;在第1和第3类学生的比较中,父亲惩罚、严厉、父亲拒绝与否认、父亲过度保护、母亲情感温暖与理解关心、母亲过度干涉、保护因子及神经质或情绪性维度、内外向维度都有显著性差异。结论:大学生的心理健康状况普遍较差,从第1到第3类学生,父母养育方式倾向较少的情感温暖与理解关心,更多的惩罚、严厉,更多的拒绝与否认,各类型学生神经质或情绪性维度得分有显著性差异,均呈递增或递减趋势。
AIM：To investigate the associate of the mental health level in freshmen of 3 types assessed by university personality Inventory （UPI） with their parental roaring style and personality character. METHODS：The freshmen from 11 classes of a comprehensive university were assessed with UPI between September and October 2004. Totally 340 questionnaires were sent out, and 327 valid ones were collected back. ① The mental health status of the freshmen were assessed with UPI, which consisted of three parts. According to the score and answer of each part, the freshmen were classified into 3 types： students may have severe, certain or no mental problems at present. ② Parental rearing styles of different types were evaluated with Egna minnen Barndoms Uppfostran （EMBU）, which consisted of 6 paternal factors and 58 items,5 maternal factors and 57 items, the 4-grade scoring system was used. ③Personality characters of the freshmen were investigated with Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ）, including 88 items in 4 factors, 4 dimensions of personality were tested; The higher the score of each dimension,the more obvious the personality character. ④The investigation was organized as the units by classes, the charts were filled uniformly and collected back on the spot, all the work was finished within two weeks.The parental rearing styles and personality characters in freshmen of different types were mainly compared, the univariate multiple rank test was used in the multiple comparison, and the intergroup non-index test was applied in the two-two comparison. RESULTS：Totally 340 questionnaires were sent out,and 327 valid ones were collected back, the collective rate was 96.2%. ① Results of UPI： The students of types 1, 2 and 3 were 46 cases （14.1%）, 91 cases （27.8%） and 190 cases （58.1%） rospectively.② Multiple comparison of EMBU and EPQ in students of different types： In the students of types 1,2 and 3,the multiple comparison showed significant differences in EMBU of father＇s emotional warmth and understanding,father＇s punishment and stringency, father＇s rejection and deny,father＇s excessive protection and mother＇s emotional warmth and undemanding and mother＇s excessive protection （P 〈 0.05）;also significantly difference in the EPQ of neuroticism,extraversion-introversion. ③ Two-two comparison of the factors with significant difference in the multiple comparison：In the comparison between students of type 1 and type 2,thero were significant differences in mother＇s emotional warmth and understanding and mother＇s excessive protection,also the dimension of neuroticism. In the comparison between students of type 2 and type 3, there were significant differences in father＇s punishment and stringency, father＇s rejection and deny,mother＇s excessive protection,also the dimension of neuroticism.In the comparison between students of type 1 and type 3,there were significant differences in the factors of father＇s puilhment and stringecy,father＇s rejection and deny,father＇s excessive perection and mother＇s emotional warmth and understanding and mother＇s excessive protection, also the dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion- introversion. CONCLUSION： The mental health status of the university students is not optimistic, from students of type 1 to type 3,the parental rearing style tendsto less emotional warmth and understanding,more punishment and stringency and more rejection and deny.Three types of students＇ neuroticism or emotional factors are significantly different,towards the tendency of increasing and decreasing.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第44期39-41,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
