摘要
根据露天矿汽车运输土质路面扬尘的发生机理,从环境本底条件出发,建立了粘结、凝并、吸湿、保水等抑尘因子的选择原则,确定了抑尘因子并对其进行了粘度、吸湿、高温抗蒸发及研磨抗辗压等实验模拟,在露天矿主要运输道路和放矿平台进行了应用.结果表明,由可溶性淀粉、硅酸钠和丙三醇组成的抑尘剂,粘度可达5 10mPa·s,粉尘的饱和吸剂率达到64 6% ,恒高温(4 5℃)下单位面积的蒸发速率为0 3kg·m- 2 ·h- 1 ,抗蒸发时间达65 17h ,具有强的粘结、凝并、吸湿、保水、抗高温和固结路面等性能,而且吸附性强,当一次喷洒量为0 5～1 0L·m- 2 时,可有效抑尘5d .
Based on the environmental background of open pit, and mechanism of dust forming on automobile soil pavement, the selection principle of dust suppressive factors such as adhesion, agglomeration and moisture absorption is established. The dust suppressive factors are selected, and a series of experimental simulations are carried out to test viscosity, hygroscopic capacity, anti-evaporability under a high constant temperature (45℃) and the anti-jarring performance by milling. Further, the industrial application is implemented in both dominant conveyance pavement and ore bunker platform in the open pit. The results show that the dust suppressor, which is composed of dissoluble starch, sodium silicate as well as glycerol, possesses the viscosity of 510mPa·s, the saturated suppressor-absorbing capacity of 64.6% and evaporation rate per unit area of 0.3kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) under the above temperature as well as lasting anti-evaporation time of 65.17h. It is provided with high performances of adhesive effect, agglomeration, moisture absorption, anti-evaporation as well as road surface solidification. Besides, it has a strong adsorptive capacity, and its effective dust-suppressing time reaches 5 days when the amount of spraying is 0.5～1.0L·m^(-2).
出处
《环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期675-680,共6页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
国家科技攻关计划重大项目 (No .2 0 0 4BA615A 18)~~
关键词
露天矿
简易公路
抑尘因子
二次污染
open pit
simple roadway
dust suppressive factors
secondary pollution of dust
