摘要
本文基于社会主义基本经济制度,重点研究了在公平竞争背景下如何通过市场化途径做强做优做大国有资本。国有经济的发展支撑国家能力的提升。国家能力充足有利于促进经济增长,提供优良社会公共品,解决诸多重要社会问题,为国民经济托底。做强做优做大国有资本是加强国家能力建设的基本途径。市场经济下的公平竞争对国有资本有三大约束,即预算约束、产权约束和市场地位约束。国有资本的做强,既要遵循资本属性,又要依靠市场规律。国有企业成为市场主体,可促使国有资本在市场竞争中做强自身。国有资本的做优,不仅要求优化国家作为国有资本所有者的行为,还要优化国有企业治理结构,完善企业家选拔与激励制度,并优化国有资本在高新技术产业的投资布局。借助资本积累特别是资本集中,国有资本可以快速做大。混合所有制是实现做大国有资本的具体有效形式,但要建立相应机制防范国有资本"化公为私""脱实向虚"和资本无限制扩张等问题。国有资本做强做优做大不以削弱民营经济为代价,而是在公平竞争中与民营资本做强做优做大相辅相成,这是中国特色社会主义经济的重要特征。
Based on the research of the socialist economics,focusing on how to make state-owned capital stronger,better and bigger through marketization under the background of fair competition.The existence of the state-owned economy supports the improvement of national capabilities.Strong national capacity is conducive to promoting economic growth,providing excellent social public goods,solving many important social problems,and supporting the national economy.Strengthening and improving state-owned capital is the basic way to strengthen national capacity building.Fair competition in market economy has three constraints on state-owned capital:budget constraint,property right constraint and market position constraint.To make state-owned capital stronger,better,and bigger,we need follow the natures of capital and rely on the law of market.To become excellent players in the market,state-owned enterprises should do their job by careful selections,which can make the state-owned capital stronger in the market competition.The improvement of state-owned capital requires not only standardizing the state’s behavior as the owner of state-owned capital,but also optimizing the governance structure of state-owned enterprises,and perfecting the system of selecting and encouraging entrepreneurs.Through capital accumulation,especially capital concentration,state-owned capital can be expanded quickly.Mixed ownership is a specific and effective form to realize the expansion of state-owned capital.But we should also establish some mechanisms to prevent the state-owned capital from"grabbing-hands",economic bubbles and unlimited expansion of capital.The strengthening and improvement of state-owned capital does not come at the cost of weakening the private economy,but rather complements the strengthening and improvement of private capital in fair competition.This is an important feature of the socialist economy with Chinese characteristics.
作者
洪银兴
桂林
HONG Yin-xing;GUI Lin(School of Economics,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期5-16,共12页
China Industrial Economics
关键词
经济增长
国有资本
国家能力
做强做优做大
economic growth
state-owned capital
national capacity
stronger,better and bigger
