摘要
本文基于中国家庭追踪调查20162018年数据,采用模糊断点回归方法评估了精准扶贫政策的减贫绩效与收入分配效应。研究发现:(1)精准扶贫政策有效降低了农村的贫困发生率和贫困深度,实现了贫困人口减少与脱贫质量提升的多重绩效;(2)精准扶贫政策不仅显著提高了低收入贫困家庭的收入水平,降低了贫困家庭的相对剥夺感,而且通过"造血式"扶贫对非贫困家庭产生了明显的正外溢效应;(3)精准扶贫政策对低收入贫困家庭的影响主要通过政府转移支付实现,但转移支付不具有赋能作用,长期对最低收入群体的兜底式补贴,使其产生了明显的福利依赖和贫困适应性。本文进一步分析发现,在市场机制有效配置资源的作用下,"造血式"扶贫的减贫利益更多流向了在教育、医疗健康、非农就业和基础设施利用等方面均占优势的家庭,且明显提高了具有要素禀赋优势家庭收入的向上流动,从而在一定程度上扩大了地区内的收入差距。
Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)from 2016 to 2018,this article evaluates the poverty reduction performance and income distribution effect of targeted poverty alleviation policies(TPAPs)by using the fuzzy regression discontinuity approach.The results show that,firstly,TPAPs have effectively reduced the incidence and depth of poverty in rural areas and achieved multiple performance of poverty reduction and improvement of poverty alleviation quality.Secondly,TPAPs have not only significantly improved the income level of low-income poor families and reduced the sense of relative deprivation of poor families,but also generated a significant positive spillover effect on non-poor families by promoting participatory approaches to empowering local people.Thirdly,the impact of TPAPs on low-income poor families has mainly been realized through government transfer payments,but the transfer payments have barely an enabling effect.The long-term bottom-line subsidies to the lowest income groups have produced obvious welfare dependence and adaptability.Further analysis shows that,the benefits of poverty alleviation policies flow more to the families with advantages in education,healthcare,non-agricultural employment and infrastructure utilization,and obviously improve the upward flow of family income with factor endowment advantages under the effective allocation of resources by market mechanism,thus expanding the income gap within the region to a certain extent.
出处
《中国农村经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期38-59,共22页
Chinese Rural Economy
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“可行能力视角下深度贫困人口发展及精准扶贫研究(编号:18BJL125)”
“收入分配与现代财政学科创新引智基地(编号:B20084)”的资助
关键词
精准扶贫
断点回归
收入分配
转移支付
收入流动
Targeted Poverty Alleviation
Regression Discontinuity Approach
Income Redistribution
Transfer Payment
Income Mobility
