摘要
面对我国实务中高发的“通过贿赂操纵体育比赛”的现象,现行刑法面临着规范适用存疑、所涉行为含义模糊与比赛操纵行为讨论不足三重困境。围绕《德国刑法典》第265c~265e条展开的批判性考察,对我国体育贿赂的学理研究具有解释论上的重要借鉴价值。1)由于我国刑法规定与德国存在区别,我国刑法并不存在体育贿赂的处罚漏洞,因而无增设新法之必要。2)借助社会系统理论之洞见,可借鉴德国将体育贿赂侵害的法益理解为“体育完整性”,强调体育作为独立的社会功能子系统在“运作封闭”意义上的独立性和自主性。3)为实现完整全面的规范评价,我国在司法实践中应注重类型化思维的运用,对相关现象和主体身份进行区分。以我国《刑法》贿赂犯罪体系以及新《体育法》为根据,可构建双层规制框架,对构成犯罪的行贿/受贿行为与体育内部违规行为分别予以妥当规制。
Sports carry important social values and contain huge economic and commercial interests.In the face of the frequent occurrence of“manipulating sports competitions through bribery”in China’s practice,the existing criminal law is facing a regulatory dilemma that cannot be ignored.A critical examination of the mature experience of the development of German sports criminal law has explanatory value for China’s theoretical research and judicial practice.Due to the differences between criminal law provisions of China and Germany,there are no loopholes in the Chinese criminal law to punish bribery in sport,so there is no need to add new laws.With the help of Luhmann’s social systems theory,we can learn from Germany’s understanding of the legal interests infringed by sports bribery as“sports integrity”,i.e.,the independence and autonomy of sports as a separate socially functioning subsystem in the sense of“operational closure”.To achieve a complete and comprehensive normative evaluation,China should focus on the use of typological thinking to distinguish between the relevant phenomena and the identity of the subject.Based on the bribery offence system of China’s Criminal Law and the new Sports Law,a two-tier regulatory framework can be constructed to properly regulate the acts of bribery and sports internal violations that constitute crimes.Based on systemic requirements,the general rules of doctrinal interpretation of bribery offences should be applied to the specific context of sports bribery,a process that can also serve as a reverse test.
作者
刘心仪
LIU Xinyi(Law School,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期91-101,共11页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助项目(项目编号:2023M731898)
关键词
体育贿赂
操纵比赛
赌球
假球黑哨
社会功能系统
bribery in sport
competition manipulation
sports betting
match fixing
social functional system
