摘要
由于风险具有不确定性和变动性,因此风险规制要取得实效就需要一定的灵活性。基本权利动态保护理论为风险行政的这种特性提供了支持。风险行政负有持续更新义务,应当顺应科技发展要求调控风险。立法者可以调整法律的特定程度和规范强度并及时修改法律,风险行政机关可以采取临时性规制措施、事后变更规制措施并更新安全基准,风险设施运营单位要自我监测风险信息、及时完善风险设施并持续开展风险研究。在风险行政的三方法律关系中,这些措施虽然有助于管控风险,为人民的基本权利提供动态保护,但是也有破坏法的明确性和安定性之虞,可能侵害风险设施运营单位的信赖利益。国家需要在不同的价值之间作出适当权衡,综合运用各种利害调整措施,在为基本权利提供动态保护的同时,避免给私人增加不必要的损害或负担。
Risk is uncertain and fluid,so risk regulation requires a certain degree of flexibility to be effective.The theory of dynamic protection of fundamental rights provides support for this characteristic of risk administration.Risk administration has the obligation of continuous updating and should regulate risks in accordance with the requirements of technological development.The legislator can moderate the specificity and normative density of the law and amend the law in time,and the risk administration can take temporary regulatory measures,change the regulatory measures afterwards,and update the safety standards,and the risk facility operators should self-monitor the risk information,improve the risk facilities in time,and continuously carry out risk research.However,in the tripartite legal relationship of risk administration,although these measures help control risks and provide dynamic protection for people’s basic rights,they has the potential to undermine legal clarity and certainty,and may infringe on the trust interests of risk facility operators.The state needs to make appropriate balance between different values and use a combination of measures to adjust the interests,so as to providing dynamic protection of fundamental rights without adding unnecessary damage and burden.
出处
《法商研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期18-31,共14页
Studies in Law and Business
关键词
风险行政
法的明确性
信赖保护
持续更新义务
顺应型调控
risk administration
legal clarity
protection of reliance
continuous renewal duty
adaptive control
