摘要
本文在多产品企业异质性模型的基础上,从出口产品转换的视角考察了跨境电商的资源再配置效应。通过合并使用中国工业企业数据库、中国海关数据库及跨境电商相关数据,利用双重差分模型估计了跨境电商对我国工业企业出口产品转换的影响及其资源配置效应。研究显示,跨境电商显著提升了中国工业企业的出口产品转换率,且这种产品转换有利于企业全要素生产率和出口产品质量的提升,具有良好的资源配置效应。进一步的机制检验发现,跨境电商主要通过“成本效应”和“竞争效应”,促进了出口产品转换和资源再配置。跨境电商对出口新增产品数的促进作用最大,对删减产品数的促进作用次之,对持续存在产品数的影响最小。鉴于产品电商敏感度的差异,跨境电商产业政策促进了出口产品结构向电商敏感度高的产品进行偏移。本文的研究为理解跨境电商对产品转换和资源配置的影响提供了微观证据。
As the deep application of information and communication technology(ICT)in international trade,cross-border e-commerce is transforming international trade from many aspects.In the cross-border e-commerce field,more and more trade procedures are taking place online,beyond geographic and temporal constraints.Trading goods are mainly delivered by international parcels,international express,and overseas warehouses.In addition,supply and demand information,including consumer preferences and customer reviews,is aggregated and integrated in a unified platform marketplace,and is also analyzed and mined.With increasing uncertainties in the international environment,cross-border e-commerce is becoming a driving force of China's international trade growth and is seen as the most potential and significant new trade pattern among the six patterns(market procurement,cross-border e-commerce,foreign trade integrated service enterprises,offshore trade,overseas warehouse and bonded maintenance)proposed by the Chinese government.Then,as a brand new trade pattern,will the development of cross-border e-commerce boost resource allocation and the high-quality development of China's trade enterprises?To answer this question,based on the multi-product enterprise heterogeneity model,this paper takes a series of cross-border e-commerce policies implemented by the Chinese government since 2012 as an exogenous shock,and employs the difference-in-differences(DID)method to analyze the impact of cross-border e-commerce on the resource allocation of China's trade enterprises from the perspective of export product switching.Empirical results show that the implementation of cross-border e-commerce has significantly boosted the export product switching of Chinese industrial enterprises,mainly due to the expansion of the range of export products.This finding is robust to a variety of tests,including parallel trend tests and placebo tests.More importantly,the promotion of cross-border e-commerce in terms of export product switching is conducive to the improvement of the total factor productivity of enterprises and the quality of their export products,demonstrating a positive resource allocation effect.The further mechanism analysis suggests that cross-border e-commerce promoted the switching of enterprises'export products and the reallocation of corporate resources mainly through cost effect and market effect.On the one hand,cross-border e-commerce can lower the export cost threshold for enterprises and expand their scope of export products.On the other hand,cross-border e-commerce can strengthen export competition and market competition,which will promote export enterprises to eliminate backward products and develop differentiated core products.The switching of these export products is not only a strategic response of enterprises to external shocks,but also a process of reallocation of corporate resources.In addition,empirical results show that cross-border e-commerce has the greatest promoting impact on the number of added products exported by enterprises,followed by the promoting effect on the number of deleted products,and the smallest impact on the number of persistent products.Given the different sensitivity of products to e-commerce,the implementation of cross-border e-commerce industrial policies will prompt enterprises to shift their export product structure towards products that are more sensitive to e-commerce patterns.The above conclusions provide microcosmic evidence to understand the impact of cross-border e-commerce on export product switching and corporate resource allocation.This paper has the following policy implications.First,the government should further implement cross-border e-commerce policies to help more enterprises participate in digital trade,including increasing the level of trade liberalization,promoting the digital Silk Road,reducing various trade barriers and policy discrimination,and promoting the integration of different markets.Second,foreign trade enterprises should actively participate in cross-border e-commerce and expand the scope of export products and market boundaries based on cross-border e-commerce.At the same time,foreign trade enterprises should optimize the structure of their export products according to the heterogeneous demand of consumers,and focus on exporting differentiated core products.Compared with previous literature,the innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects.On the one hand,different from previous literature that focuses on the trade effect of cross-border e-commerce,this paper,based on the multi-product enterprise heterogeneity model,analyzes the effect of cross-border e-commerce on export product switching,which extends theoretical research to the resource reallocation effect of cross-border e-commerce.On the other hand,taking into account the Internet attribute of cross-border e-commerce and the market characteristics of platform economy,this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of cross-border e-commerce affecting the export product switching from the dual perspective of cost effect and competition effect,which is a positive supplement to relevant research.
作者
李小平
余娟娟
余东升
吴俊豪
LI Xiaoping;YU Juanjuan;YU Dongsheng;WU Junhao(School of Economics,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;School of Statistics and Mathematics,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期124-140,共17页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金哲学社会科学领军人才项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA038)
国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BJL053)
中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2722023BQ054)的资助
关键词
跨境电商
产品转换
成本效应
竞争效应
资源配置
Cross-border E-commerce
Product Switching
Cost Effect
Competitive Effect
Resource Allocation
