摘要
行政主导型治理的兴起,对现代法治模式影响深远。在其引发的诸多论争中,司法-行政关系的重构问题,颇有重新讨论的必要。过去百余年,在"行政国家"这一新兴治理模式的促动下,美国的司法-行政关系经历了重大变化,其结果之一是在美国行政法领域的司法审查中,法院越来越倾向于尊让行政机构。从1984年"谢弗林案"到2013年"阿灵顿案"的数十年间,司法尊让原则得到了非同以往的显著发展,其规则体系逐渐成形,适用范围不断扩大,以至于被视为一项基础性甚至是准宪法性的原则。而这一原则塑造的背后,是美国司法回应复杂的治理问题,于宪制变局之中探索切实可行的机构主义进路的一场"自我革命"。由此带来的结果是,美国司法审查从机构角色到机构能力都发生了显著变化,而司法权和行政权也在新的关系结构中开辟出一条合作治理之路。审思这一域外法治变革,对于全面辩证地理解现代治理文明转型,进而探讨国家治理现代化语境下中国司法与行政的关系建构问题,具有一定的启发意义。
The rise of executive-led governance has a far-reaching impact on the modern pattern of the rule of law.Among those discussions that have arisen,the reform of the relationship between judicial and executive power is a problem quite necessary for re-argument.During the past one hundred years,the"administrative state,"as a new governance model,has led to the reform of the relationship between judicial and executive power,resulting in an increasing deference to administrative agencies during judicial review of American administrative law.Within the last decades,the principle of judicial deference has been remarkably developed,differently than in the past.With continuous improvement of its rules,the principle has expanded so much influence on judicial review that it is finally regarded as foundational,even as a quasi-constitutional text.Behind this,the U.S.judicial system,standing in the historical context of changing American constitutional structure,has promoted a self-revolution and developed an"Institutionalism Approach"in judicial philosophy as a response to complicated governance issues.As a result,both the institutional role and institutional competence of U.S.judicial review have undergone significant transformation,thereby leading to a new courts-and-agencies collaborative governance pattern.
出处
《美国研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期118-143,8,共27页
The Chinese Journal of American Studies
