摘要
在挑战政策过程的渐进模型和偏好模型基础之上,弗兰克·鲍姆加特纳和布赖恩·琼斯提出一种同时解释政策过程中稳定与变迁的间断-均衡理论。该理论将信息处理作为主要分析焦点,从议程设置动态变迁的研究视角出发,认为政策过程会在政策子系统和宏观政治系统之中交替转换,前者构成了政策稳定的政治基础,后者构成了政策变迁的政治基础。基于自然科学中的"粘着-滑动模型",聚焦于议程设置动态变迁的原因,间断-均衡理论的倡导者提出了政策稳定与变迁的认知、制度和政策图景三重解释逻辑。认知主要是基于有限理性,强调"不成比例信息处理模型"使得大部分信息被忽略,只有少数信息受到关注。制度主要是基于作为均衡的制度理论,强调制度摩擦力对于议程动态变迁的影响,预算是检验制度摩擦对间断-均衡影响的主要领域。政治图景强调民众有关政策的理解和讨论对于政策变迁的作用,只有形成负面政策图景才能够推动现有政策变迁。间断-均衡理论得到广泛应用,并且取得了较好成绩,未来仍然还有较大的成长空间。
Frank R.Baumgartner and Bryan D.Jones proposed a punctuated equilibrium theory of trying to explain the stability and change of the policy process as an alternative theory of changing the incrementalism and preference models.This theory focused on the information processing and though that the policy process took place in the policy subsystems and macro political systems by turns from the perspective of agenda dynamics.The policy subsystems created the equilibrium while the macro political systems produced the punctuations.Based on the stick-slips dynamics,the punctuated equilibrium theory proposed a triangle perspective of explanation for the reasons of the dynamics of policy agenda,namely the recognition,institutions,and policy images.The recognition perspective emphasized the role of boundary rationality in the policy process and addressed with the disproportionate information-processing model,which advocated that the policy makers would ignore most of the information and only pay attention to very small piece of information.Institutional perspective focused on the institutional frictions of policy process to the agenda setting based on the institution-as-equilibrium theory.Now punctuated equilibrium theory used the budget data to testify the institutional friction hypothesis.The policy image perspective asserted that the negative policy image of citizens would prompt the policy change.Punctuated equilibrium theory had been used and tested widely,yet we can still enhance the theory developments in many aspects.
出处
《南京社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期63-74,共12页
Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“理解中国政府改革的新逻辑:一个合作型政府的视角”(17XNA006)的阶段性成果.
关键词
有限理性
制度摩擦
政策图景
间断-均衡
boundary rationality
institutional frictions
policy images
punctuated equilibrium
