摘要
中心—边缘格局是一种地理、文化和政治意义上的异质结构。在中心—边缘格局下,边缘国家构建体系霸权存在显著的合法性困境,即"边缘困境"。即便边缘国家在经济和军事领域实现赶超,其与中心地带在政治和文化上的差异短期内也很难消除,使得该国在国际体系中继续受到歧视、排斥甚至打压。春秋时期的国际关系呈现出典型的中心—边缘格局,楚、吴、越处于体系的边缘。但春秋霸政却存在明显的二律背反现象:一方面,在"尊王攘夷"的纲领下,中原地区不断强化与边缘国家的分野;另一方面,楚、吴、越成功突破"尊王攘夷"的桎梏,实现从制衡对象到联盟领导的转变。道义现实主义的理论出发点是单元层次,特别是崛起国的政治领导和对外战略。边缘国家作为崛起国的类型之一,无疑适用于道义现实主义的基本逻辑。不过,道义现实主义没有关注国家属性问题,低估了边缘国家崛起的合法性困境。边缘国家必须采取持续的规范学习,在长时段内取得较霸权国更高的道义水平,才能从根本上缓解边缘困境的负面影响。此外,边缘国家还应根据国内外形势变化,不断调整规范学习与结盟选择的战略组合,改善本国中长期的发展环境。
The core-periphery pattern is a kind of heterogeneous structure in the sense of geography,culture and politics.In the core-periphery pattern,there is a significant legitimacy dilemma in the construction and maintenance of hegemonic order by peripheral countries,namely,"periphery dilemma".Even if the peripheral countries catch up economically and militarily,the political and cultural differences between them and the heartland are difficult to be eliminated in the short term,leaving them subject to persistent discrimination,exclusion and even repression in the international system.The international relations in the Spring and Autumn Period showed a typical core-periphery pattern.Chu,Wu and Yue were on the periphery of the system.On the one hand,under the program of"respecting the king and reining in the Barbarians",the divisionbetween the central plains area and the peripheral countries was constantly strengthened.On the other hand,Chu,Wu and Yue succeeded in breaking through the shackles of"respecting the king and reining in the Barbarians",and realized a magnificent transformation from the objects of balances to the leaders of the alliance.The theoretical starting point of moral realism is the unit level,especially the political leadership and foreign strategy of the rising powers.As one of the types of rising powers,peripheral countries undoubtedly follow the basic logic of moral realism.However,moral realism does not focus on the distinction between national attributes and underestimates the legitimacy dilemma of the rise of peripheral countries.This paper proposes that peripheral countries must adopt continuous norm-learning and acquire a higher moral level than the hegemonic power in a long period of time,so as to fundamentally alleviate the negative impact of periphery dilemma.In addition,the peripheral countries should adjust the combination of norm-learning and alliance choices according to the changes of domestic and foreign situations,aiming at improving their medium and long-term development environment.
作者
沈陈
Shen Chen(the Institute of World Economics and Politics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期51-72,157-158,共24页
World Economics and Politics
关键词
中心—边缘格局
边缘困境
春秋霸政
大国崛起
道义现实主义
core-periphery pattern
periphery dilemma
the Spring and Autumn Period hegemony
the rise of great power
moral realism
