摘要
目的:了解我国冬季项目精英运动员补液相关知识与态度情况,开展科普宣教工作,为冬奥会备战提供保障。方法:2020年3月至4月向冬季项目国家队及国家青训队的运动员发放补液知信行调查问卷,对其与运动补液相关的知识及态度进行调查。计数资料用人口百分比表示,不同类型调查对象之间使用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验比较差异。结果:共收到有效问卷204份。91.2%的调查对象知晓正确的补液方式,39.7%知晓正确的日补液量。28.9%的研究对象知晓运动各阶段的补液知识;运动前、运动中、运动后为适宜补液阶段的知晓率分别为43.6%、75.0%及54.9%。口渴与轻度脱水关系的知晓率为75.5%;矿泉水、矿物质水和纯净水有区别的知晓率为22.1%;补水和补液的区别的知晓率为24.5%。补液与体温上升、体力下降、热痉挛、中暑、中风、昏迷、冠心病、肌肉痉挛、心率加快等相关的知晓率分别为45.1%、64.7%、21.6%、73.5%、7.0%、33.8%、7.4%、36.8%、40.7%和2.9%。92.6%的调查对象愿意为改善自己的运动成绩/表现去改变自己的补液行为。45.6%的调查对象表示对于补液知识感兴趣。已获得的补液知识主要来源于教练(69.1%)和老师(62.7%)。而运动员更希望通过单位/队伍的宣传教育(53.9%)、网络(49.9%)、专家讲座(45.6%)等途径获得需要的补液知识。结论:我国冬季项目精英运动员普遍存在补液知识不足、补液相关态度有待提高的问题。虽然大多数运动员愿意为改善自己的运动成绩/表现去改变自己的补液行为,但对于补液知识不感兴趣。因此,建议通过多种形式多种途径全面开展我国冬季项目运动员补液相关知识的科教宣传工作,并加强有针对性的宣传教育。
Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude about fluid replenishing among elite winter-sports athletes in China,so as to implement health education to prepare for the coming Olympic Winter Games.Methods Between March and April 2020,a questionnaire was distributed to wintersports athletes of the national team and national youth training team to investigate their knowledge and attitude about fluid replenishing.The enumeration data were expressed as a percentage of the population,and chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the differences among different types of subjects.Results A total of 204 valid questionnaires were collected.Altogether,91.2%and39.7%athletes knew the correct way and amount of fluid replenishment.And 28.9%knew how to replenish fluid before,during and after sports.To be more specific,43.6%,75.0%and 54.9%athletes were aware of how to replenish fluid before,during and after sports respectively.Among them,75.5%were aware of the relationship between thirst and mild dehydration,while 22.1%and 24.5%knew the differences among spring,mineral and pure water,as well as that between water replenishing and fluid replenishing.The awareness rates of the relationship between fluid replenishing and body temperature increase,physical decline,heat cramp,heatstroke,stroke,coma,coronary heart disease,muscle cramps and increased heart rate was 45.1%,64.7%,21.6%,73.5%,7.0%,33.8%,7.4%,36.8%,40.7%and 2.9%.Totally 92.6%athletes were willing to change their fluid replenishing practice to improve their sports performance,and 45.6%athletes were interested in how to replenish fluid.Their knowledge about fluid replenishing mainly came from coaches(69.1%)and teachers(62.7%).Moreover,they hoped to obtain more related knowledge from the health education of sport teams/units(53.9%),internet(49.9%)and experts’lectures(45.6%).Conclusion Elite winter-sports athletes in China are lack of knowledge about fluid replenishing and their attitude needs improving.Though most athletes are willing to adjust their practice to improve their performance,they are not interested in the related knowledge.It is suggested to conduct related health education to promote their knowledge and attitude.
作者
孙凌宇
宋鸽
周其姝
安楠
常雅珊
曹建民
王晓亮
严翊
Sun Lingyu;Song Ge;Zhou Qishu;An Nan;Chang Yashan;Cao Jianmin;Wang Xiaoliang;Yan Yi(School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Nutrition Center,Institute of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sports,Beijing 100029,China;Ice Hockey School,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《中国运动医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期875-882,共8页
Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金(32071173)
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC2000601)
关键词
冬季项目
精英运动员
补液
知识
态度
winter-sports event
elite athlete
fluid replenishing
knowledge
attitude
