Objective The study aimed to investigate the impact of rare earth elements(REEs)exposure on pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)by analyzing samples from spouses.Methods A total of 141 ...Objective The study aimed to investigate the impact of rare earth elements(REEs)exposure on pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)by analyzing samples from spouses.Methods A total of 141 couples were included.Blood and follicular fluid from the wives and semen plasma from the husbands,were analyzed for REEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Spearman's correlation coefficients and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess correlations and compare REE concentrations among three types of samples,respectively.Logistic models were utilized to estimate the individual REE effect on IVF-ET outcomes,while BKMR and WQS models explored the mixture of REE interaction effects on IVF-ET outcomes.Results Higher La concentration in semen(median 0.089 ng/mL,P=0.03)was associated with a lower fertilization rate.However,this effect was not observed after artificial selection intervention through intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)(P=0.27).In semen,the REEs mixture did not exhibit any significant association with clinical pregnancy.Conclusion Our study revealed a potential association between high La exposure in semen and a decline in fertilization rate,but not clinical pregnancy rate.This is the first to report REEs concentrations in follicular fluid with La,Ce,Pr,and Nd found at significantly lower concentrations than in serum,suggesting that these four REEs may not accumulate in the female reproductive system.However,at the current exposure levels,mixed REEs exposure did not exhibit reproductive toxicity.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether there are significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between frozen-thawed D3/D5 and D3/D6 sequential embryo transfer(SeET)in women with repeated implantation failure(RIF).Methods W...Objective To investigate whether there are significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between frozen-thawed D3/D5 and D3/D6 sequential embryo transfer(SeET)in women with repeated implantation failure(RIF).Methods Women who experienced RIF and underwent frozen-thawed cycles with SeET were included and were divided into two groups:D3/D5(n=455)and D3/D6(n=308).Included cycles were stratified by the quality of transferred embryos and age.Results There were 252/455(55.4%)clinical pregnancies in the D3/D5 group and 133/308(43.2%)in the D3/D6 group(OR:1.63,95%CI1.22 to 2.18).Rates for ectopic pregnancy,early miscarriage and multiple pregnancies did not differ between the two groups.In women under 35 years,with transfers of two good-quality embryos,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5 group compared with the D3/D6 group(65.6%vs 42.4%,OR:2.59,95%CI1.41 to 4.76).This trend persisted when analysing good-quality cleavage-stage embryo and poor-quality blastocyst(D3/D5)transfers versus two good-quality embryo(D3/D6)transfers(61.2%vs 42.4%,OR:2.14.95%CI1.11 to 4.12).For women aged 35 years or older,pregnancy outcomes did not differ.Conclusion The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5group compared with the D3/D6 group.When contrasting the outcomes of transferring a good-quality cleavage-stage embryo and a poor-quality blastocyst in the D3/D5 group with transferring two good-quality embryos in the D3/D6 group,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5 group.However,among women aged 35 years or older,there were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes.展开更多
Since the birth of the first in vitro fertilisation(IVF)baby in 1978,there have been over 12million babies born from IVF globally.l The first IVF baby in China's Mainland was born at Peking University Third Hospit...Since the birth of the first in vitro fertilisation(IVF)baby in 1978,there have been over 12million babies born from IVF globally.l The first IVF baby in China's Mainland was born at Peking University Third Hospital in 1988;nowadays,more than 300000 IVF babies are born in China per year.Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)was introduced in 1992 in which conventional VF(c-IVF)had failed in severe male infertile couples(figure 1).Over the past 30 years,the use of ICSI has increased and now accounts for nearly two-thirds of IVF cycles worldwide,including 70%in Europe and North America.展开更多
Reproductive health encompasses the entire spectrum of reproductive processes and functions throughout a person’s life,playing a vital role in the harmonious development of populations,economies,and societies.This cr...Reproductive health encompasses the entire spectrum of reproductive processes and functions throughout a person’s life,playing a vital role in the harmonious development of populations,economies,and societies.This critical aspect has garnered increasing global attention.Ensuring sexual and reproductive health stands as a fundamental step toward achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)by 2030[1].Despite extensive efforts,both China and the world at large confront a multitude of reproductive challenges.These challenges encompass declining fertility rates[2,3],high prevalence of birth defects,and the presence of various reproductive diseases that threaten fetal development.These issues contribute to emotional distress,relationship problems,social stigmatization,and an increased risk of adult-onset diseases,imposing a significant burden on individuals and society[2].In the realm of human reproductive health research,epidemiological approaches have played a pivotal role.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Reports detailing the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are extensive in China.However,data remains limited regarding the long-term effects of th...Summary What is already known about this topic?Reports detailing the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are extensive in China.However,data remains limited regarding the long-term effects of the 2022 outbreak on the community and healthcare workers(HCWs).What is added by this report?In the follow-up study conducted with 1,069 community members and 3,309 HCWs infected with COVID-19,we observed that five months postoutbreak,39.2%of community members and 28.7%of HCWs reported experiencing at least one symptom.The symptoms most frequently reported included fatigue or muscle weakness,insomnia,cognitive dysfunction,hair loss,joint or muscle pain,and persistent cough.HCWs tended to experience fewer long-term physical consequences and their symptoms had an expedited recovery time compared to the community members.Nevertheless,HCWs displayed a higher prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety.展开更多
Gametogenesis plays an important role in the reproduction and evolution of species.The transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in this process can influence the reproductive capacity,fertilization,and embryonic deve...Gametogenesis plays an important role in the reproduction and evolution of species.The transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in this process can influence the reproductive capacity,fertilization,and embryonic development.The rapidly increasing single-cell studies have provided valuable multi-omics resources.However,data from different layers and sequencing platforms have not been uniformed and integrated,which greatly limits their use for exploring the molecular mechanisms that underlie oogenesis and spermatogenesis.Here,we develop GametesOmics,a comprehensive database that integrates the data of gene expression,DNA methylation,and chromatin accessibility during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans and mice.GametesOmics provides a user-friendly website and various tools,including Search and Advanced Search for querying the expression and epigenetic modification(s)of each gene;Tools with Differentially expressed gene(DEG)analysis for identifying DEGs,Correlation analysis for demonstrating the genetic and epigenetic changes,Visualization for displaying single-cell clusters and screening marker genes as well as master transcription factors(TFs),and MethylView for studying the genomic distribution of epigenetic modifications.GametesOmics also provides Genome Browser and Ortholog for tracking and comparing gene expression,DNA methylation,and chromatin accessibility between humans and mice.GametesOmics offers a comprehensive resource for biologists and clinicians to decipher the cell fate transition in germ cell development,and can be accessed at http://gametesomics.cn/.展开更多
Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are po...Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are poorly understood as they are characterized by sequence homology with linear DNA,for which few detection methods are available.Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that eccDNAs play crucial roles in tumor formation,evolution,and drug resistance as well as aging,genomic diversity,and other biological processes,bringing it back to the research hotspot.Several mechanisms of eccDNA formation have been proposed,including the breakage-fusion-bridge(BFB)and translocation-deletion-amplification models.Gynecologic tumors and disorders of embryonic and fetal development are major threats to human reproductive health.The roles of eccDNAs in these pathological processes have been partially elucidated since the first discovery of eccDNA in pig sperm and the double minutes in ovarian cancer ascites.The present review summarized the research history,biogenesis,and currently available detection and analytical methods for eccDNAs and clarified their functions in gynecologic tumors and reproduction.We also proposed the application of eccDNAs as drug targets and liquid biopsy markers for prenatal diagnosis and the early detection,prognosis,and treatment of gynecologic tumors.This review lays theoretical foundations for future investigations into the complex regulatory networks of eccDNAs in vital physiological and pathological processes.展开更多
Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their behaviors through communication.Cell–cell communication(CCC)is essential for growth,development,differentiation,tissue and organ f...Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their behaviors through communication.Cell–cell communication(CCC)is essential for growth,development,differentiation,tissue and organ formation,maintenance,and physiological regulation.Cells communicate through direct contact or at a distance using ligand–receptor interactions.So cellular communication encompasses two essential processes:cell signal conduction for generation and intercellular transmission of signals,and cell signal transduction for reception and procession of signals.Deciphering intercellular communication networks is critical for understanding cell differentiation,development,and metabolism.First,we comprehensively review the historical milestones in CCC studies,followed by a detailed description of the mechanisms of signal molecule transmission and the importance of the main signaling pathways they mediate in maintaining biological functions.Then we systematically introduce a series of human diseases caused by abnormalities in cell communication and their progress in clinical applications.Finally,we summarize various methods for monitoring cell interactions,including cell imaging,proximity-based chemical labeling,mechanical force analysis,downstream analysis strategies,and single-cell technologies.These methods aim to illustrate how biological functions depend on these interactions and the complexity of their regulatory signaling pathways to regulate crucial physiological processes,including tissue homeostasis,cell development,and immune responses in diseases.In addition,this review enhances our understanding of the biological processes that occur after cell–cell binding,highlighting its application in discovering new therapeutic targets and biomarkers related to precision medicine.This collective understanding provides a foundation for developing new targeted drugs and personalized treatments.展开更多
Gut microbiota can interact with the host through lots of media including small molecular metabolites and proteins(Cani,2019;Fan and Pedersen,2021;Krautkramer et al.,2021).Recently,a new interaction pattern was identi...Gut microbiota can interact with the host through lots of media including small molecular metabolites and proteins(Cani,2019;Fan and Pedersen,2021;Krautkramer et al.,2021).Recently,a new interaction pattern was identified,i.e.,gut microbiota can mimic the function of the host by producing a variety of enzymes with functions homologous to host enzymes.展开更多
Cigarette smoking accelerates metabolic disorders and is highly addictive,posing challenges for cessation.Recent studies have proposed that nicotine accumulates in the intestines of smokers,where it interacts with gut...Cigarette smoking accelerates metabolic disorders and is highly addictive,posing challenges for cessation.Recent studies have proposed that nicotine accumulates in the intestines of smokers,where it interacts with gut microbiota and disrupts systemic metabolism.After smoking,significant alterations in the gut microbiota affect the synthesis of numerous metabolites that are crucial for the development and progression of metabolic disorders.Gut microbiota-mediated nicotine degradation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for smoking-related metabolic disorders associated with smoking.Herein,we explore the impact of smoking on the composition and function of the gut microbiota,emphasizing the potential link between smoking-related metabolic disorders and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites.Additionally,we discuss the in vivo distribution and metabolism of nicotine along with potential strategies for treating smoking-related metabolic disorders through the microbial degradation of nicotine.展开更多
Human fetuses exhibit notable sex differences in growth rate and response to the intrauterine environment,yet their origins and underlying mechanisms remain uncertain.Here,we conduct a detailed investigation of sex di...Human fetuses exhibit notable sex differences in growth rate and response to the intrauterine environment,yet their origins and underlying mechanisms remain uncertain.Here,we conduct a detailed investigation of sex differences in human pre-gastrulation embryos.The lower methylation and incomplete inactivation of the X chromosome in females,as well as the sex-specific cell-cell communication patterns,contribute to sex-differential transcription.Male trophectoderm is more inclined toward syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and exhibits a stronger hormone secretion capacity,while female trophectoderm tends to retain cytotrophoblast program with stronger mitochondrial function as well as higher vasculogenesis and immunotolerance signals.Male primitive endoderm initiates the anterior visceral endoderm transcriptional program earlier than females.The cell cycle activities of the epiblast and primitive endoderm are higher in males compared to females,while the situation is opposite in the trophectoderm.In conclusion,our study provides in-depth insights into the sex differences in human pre-gastrulation embryos and contributes to unraveling the origins of the sex differences in human fetal development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2702900 and 2021YFC2701103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171654)。
文摘Objective The study aimed to investigate the impact of rare earth elements(REEs)exposure on pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)by analyzing samples from spouses.Methods A total of 141 couples were included.Blood and follicular fluid from the wives and semen plasma from the husbands,were analyzed for REEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Spearman's correlation coefficients and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess correlations and compare REE concentrations among three types of samples,respectively.Logistic models were utilized to estimate the individual REE effect on IVF-ET outcomes,while BKMR and WQS models explored the mixture of REE interaction effects on IVF-ET outcomes.Results Higher La concentration in semen(median 0.089 ng/mL,P=0.03)was associated with a lower fertilization rate.However,this effect was not observed after artificial selection intervention through intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)(P=0.27).In semen,the REEs mixture did not exhibit any significant association with clinical pregnancy.Conclusion Our study revealed a potential association between high La exposure in semen and a decline in fertilization rate,but not clinical pregnancy rate.This is the first to report REEs concentrations in follicular fluid with La,Ce,Pr,and Nd found at significantly lower concentrations than in serum,suggesting that these four REEs may not accumulate in the female reproductive system.However,at the current exposure levels,mixed REEs exposure did not exhibit reproductive toxicity.
基金supported by Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH2024-2-40910).
文摘Objective To investigate whether there are significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between frozen-thawed D3/D5 and D3/D6 sequential embryo transfer(SeET)in women with repeated implantation failure(RIF).Methods Women who experienced RIF and underwent frozen-thawed cycles with SeET were included and were divided into two groups:D3/D5(n=455)and D3/D6(n=308).Included cycles were stratified by the quality of transferred embryos and age.Results There were 252/455(55.4%)clinical pregnancies in the D3/D5 group and 133/308(43.2%)in the D3/D6 group(OR:1.63,95%CI1.22 to 2.18).Rates for ectopic pregnancy,early miscarriage and multiple pregnancies did not differ between the two groups.In women under 35 years,with transfers of two good-quality embryos,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5 group compared with the D3/D6 group(65.6%vs 42.4%,OR:2.59,95%CI1.41 to 4.76).This trend persisted when analysing good-quality cleavage-stage embryo and poor-quality blastocyst(D3/D5)transfers versus two good-quality embryo(D3/D6)transfers(61.2%vs 42.4%,OR:2.14.95%CI1.11 to 4.12).For women aged 35 years or older,pregnancy outcomes did not differ.Conclusion The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5group compared with the D3/D6 group.When contrasting the outcomes of transferring a good-quality cleavage-stage embryo and a poor-quality blastocyst in the D3/D5 group with transferring two good-quality embryos in the D3/D6 group,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the D3/D5 group.However,among women aged 35 years or older,there were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2702500).
文摘Since the birth of the first in vitro fertilisation(IVF)baby in 1978,there have been over 12million babies born from IVF globally.l The first IVF baby in China's Mainland was born at Peking University Third Hospital in 1988;nowadays,more than 300000 IVF babies are born in China per year.Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)was introduced in 1992 in which conventional VF(c-IVF)had failed in severe male infertile couples(figure 1).Over the past 30 years,the use of ICSI has increased and now accounts for nearly two-thirds of IVF cycles worldwide,including 70%in Europe and North America.
文摘Reproductive health encompasses the entire spectrum of reproductive processes and functions throughout a person’s life,playing a vital role in the harmonious development of populations,economies,and societies.This critical aspect has garnered increasing global attention.Ensuring sexual and reproductive health stands as a fundamental step toward achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)by 2030[1].Despite extensive efforts,both China and the world at large confront a multitude of reproductive challenges.These challenges encompass declining fertility rates[2,3],high prevalence of birth defects,and the presence of various reproductive diseases that threaten fetal development.These issues contribute to emotional distress,relationship problems,social stigmatization,and an increased risk of adult-onset diseases,imposing a significant burden on individuals and society[2].In the realm of human reproductive health research,epidemiological approaches have played a pivotal role.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82288102)Chinese Academy of Engineering(2022-XBZD-16).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Reports detailing the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are extensive in China.However,data remains limited regarding the long-term effects of the 2022 outbreak on the community and healthcare workers(HCWs).What is added by this report?In the follow-up study conducted with 1,069 community members and 3,309 HCWs infected with COVID-19,we observed that five months postoutbreak,39.2%of community members and 28.7%of HCWs reported experiencing at least one symptom.The symptoms most frequently reported included fatigue or muscle weakness,insomnia,cognitive dysfunction,hair loss,joint or muscle pain,and persistent cough.HCWs tended to experience fewer long-term physical consequences and their symptoms had an expedited recovery time compared to the community members.Nevertheless,HCWs displayed a higher prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82125013 and 82101741)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0801400)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.7232203)The authors thank Professor Fan Guo for providing detailed information about their previous study and Doctors Tong Chen and Pu Xue(EHBIO Gene Technology)for their technical assistance.
文摘Gametogenesis plays an important role in the reproduction and evolution of species.The transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in this process can influence the reproductive capacity,fertilization,and embryonic development.The rapidly increasing single-cell studies have provided valuable multi-omics resources.However,data from different layers and sequencing platforms have not been uniformed and integrated,which greatly limits their use for exploring the molecular mechanisms that underlie oogenesis and spermatogenesis.Here,we develop GametesOmics,a comprehensive database that integrates the data of gene expression,DNA methylation,and chromatin accessibility during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans and mice.GametesOmics provides a user-friendly website and various tools,including Search and Advanced Search for querying the expression and epigenetic modification(s)of each gene;Tools with Differentially expressed gene(DEG)analysis for identifying DEGs,Correlation analysis for demonstrating the genetic and epigenetic changes,Visualization for displaying single-cell clusters and screening marker genes as well as master transcription factors(TFs),and MethylView for studying the genomic distribution of epigenetic modifications.GametesOmics also provides Genome Browser and Ortholog for tracking and comparing gene expression,DNA methylation,and chromatin accessibility between humans and mice.GametesOmics offers a comprehensive resource for biologists and clinicians to decipher the cell fate transition in germ cell development,and can be accessed at http://gametesomics.cn/.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos.32170493,32170656]the National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)[Grant No.BYSYSZKF2022005]the Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project,Peking University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (PKU2023LCXQ036)。
文摘Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are poorly understood as they are characterized by sequence homology with linear DNA,for which few detection methods are available.Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that eccDNAs play crucial roles in tumor formation,evolution,and drug resistance as well as aging,genomic diversity,and other biological processes,bringing it back to the research hotspot.Several mechanisms of eccDNA formation have been proposed,including the breakage-fusion-bridge(BFB)and translocation-deletion-amplification models.Gynecologic tumors and disorders of embryonic and fetal development are major threats to human reproductive health.The roles of eccDNAs in these pathological processes have been partially elucidated since the first discovery of eccDNA in pig sperm and the double minutes in ovarian cancer ascites.The present review summarized the research history,biogenesis,and currently available detection and analytical methods for eccDNAs and clarified their functions in gynecologic tumors and reproduction.We also proposed the application of eccDNAs as drug targets and liquid biopsy markers for prenatal diagnosis and the early detection,prognosis,and treatment of gynecologic tumors.This review lays theoretical foundations for future investigations into the complex regulatory networks of eccDNAs in vital physiological and pathological processes.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Y.S.,No.82300433,F.M.,No.32170656]Beijing Nova Program[F.M.,Z211100002121039]+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation[Y.S.,No.7224348]Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital[Y.S.,No.BYSYZD2023047].
文摘Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their behaviors through communication.Cell–cell communication(CCC)is essential for growth,development,differentiation,tissue and organ formation,maintenance,and physiological regulation.Cells communicate through direct contact or at a distance using ligand–receptor interactions.So cellular communication encompasses two essential processes:cell signal conduction for generation and intercellular transmission of signals,and cell signal transduction for reception and procession of signals.Deciphering intercellular communication networks is critical for understanding cell differentiation,development,and metabolism.First,we comprehensively review the historical milestones in CCC studies,followed by a detailed description of the mechanisms of signal molecule transmission and the importance of the main signaling pathways they mediate in maintaining biological functions.Then we systematically introduce a series of human diseases caused by abnormalities in cell communication and their progress in clinical applications.Finally,we summarize various methods for monitoring cell interactions,including cell imaging,proximity-based chemical labeling,mechanical force analysis,downstream analysis strategies,and single-cell technologies.These methods aim to illustrate how biological functions depend on these interactions and the complexity of their regulatory signaling pathways to regulate crucial physiological processes,including tissue homeostasis,cell development,and immune responses in diseases.In addition,this review enhances our understanding of the biological processes that occur after cell–cell binding,highlighting its application in discovering new therapeutic targets and biomarkers related to precision medicine.This collective understanding provides a foundation for developing new targeted drugs and personalized treatments.
文摘Gut microbiota can interact with the host through lots of media including small molecular metabolites and proteins(Cani,2019;Fan and Pedersen,2021;Krautkramer et al.,2021).Recently,a new interaction pattern was identified,i.e.,gut microbiota can mimic the function of the host by producing a variety of enzymes with functions homologous to host enzymes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.82370848,82371643,and HY2022-7)the special fund of the National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program,China(2023).
文摘Cigarette smoking accelerates metabolic disorders and is highly addictive,posing challenges for cessation.Recent studies have proposed that nicotine accumulates in the intestines of smokers,where it interacts with gut microbiota and disrupts systemic metabolism.After smoking,significant alterations in the gut microbiota affect the synthesis of numerous metabolites that are crucial for the development and progression of metabolic disorders.Gut microbiota-mediated nicotine degradation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for smoking-related metabolic disorders associated with smoking.Herein,we explore the impact of smoking on the composition and function of the gut microbiota,emphasizing the potential link between smoking-related metabolic disorders and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites.Additionally,we discuss the in vivo distribution and metabolism of nicotine along with potential strategies for treating smoking-related metabolic disorders through the microbial degradation of nicotine.
基金funded by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFA0110001 and 2022YFC2702200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82288102,82125013,82201838,and 82101677)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20200398)。
文摘Human fetuses exhibit notable sex differences in growth rate and response to the intrauterine environment,yet their origins and underlying mechanisms remain uncertain.Here,we conduct a detailed investigation of sex differences in human pre-gastrulation embryos.The lower methylation and incomplete inactivation of the X chromosome in females,as well as the sex-specific cell-cell communication patterns,contribute to sex-differential transcription.Male trophectoderm is more inclined toward syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and exhibits a stronger hormone secretion capacity,while female trophectoderm tends to retain cytotrophoblast program with stronger mitochondrial function as well as higher vasculogenesis and immunotolerance signals.Male primitive endoderm initiates the anterior visceral endoderm transcriptional program earlier than females.The cell cycle activities of the epiblast and primitive endoderm are higher in males compared to females,while the situation is opposite in the trophectoderm.In conclusion,our study provides in-depth insights into the sex differences in human pre-gastrulation embryos and contributes to unraveling the origins of the sex differences in human fetal development.
